<i>R_C</i> and power of coreferentiality detection with correlated test variables, and reference variables dependent on either one or both.

<p>For indicated dependency degrees <i>δ</i>, sample sizes N and correlations <i>R</i> between the test variables, 100 data sets were simulated respectively and tested with the permutation test described (lines with closed symbols according to the insert in panel A). The same was then repeated in the condition that reference data depended on only one test variable (lines with open symbols). A. Median coreferentiality coefficients <i>R_C</i>. B. Power of detection using the permutation test described (percentage of test <i>p</i><0.05).</p

Power of coreferentiality detection in respect to the direct correlation <i>R</i> between the two test variables.

<p>100 respective data sets were simulated for different sample sizes N, different reference data dependency degrees <i>δ</i> (see insert) and with defined correlations between <i>X₁</i> and <i>X₂</i>, ranging from 0 to 0.4. All simulations were tested for coreferentiality with the permutation test described, and for each included condition the power of detection at the 5% significance level was determined.</p

Coreferentiality coefficients and power of coreferentiality detection with uncorrelated test variables <i>X₁</i> and <i>X₂</i>.

<p>For each possible combination of various sample sizes and reference data dependency degrees <i>δ</i> (see insert in panel B), 100 data sets were simulated and tested with the permutation test described. Median coreferentiality coefficients <i>R_C</i>. B. Power of detection using the permutation test described (percentage of test <i>p</i><0.05).</p

Power of coreferentiality detection in respect to the number of reference variables used.

<p>100 respective data sets were simulated for different sample sizes N, different reference data dependency degrees <i>δ</i> (see insert) and either 40, 70, 100, 130 or 260 reference variables, and tested for coreferentiality with the permutation test described. The occasional deviation from monotonous behavior in the curve representing <i>δ</i> = 0.025, N = 100 is due to stochasticity.</p

Comparison of the statistical power to detect coreferentiality, dependency in multiple regression, and classic correlation.

<p>The power of each method was tested in 100 respectively simulated data sets, all with a sample size of 200 and different reference data dependency degrees <i>δ</i>. Multiple regression was tested for a given test variable <i>X</i> in dependency on the scores of either 10 or 50 PCA factors derived from the 130 reference variables. Bivariate correlation was tested for simulations with <i>X₂</i> depending on <i>X₁</i> with the degree <i>δ</i>, and tested by simple linear regression.</p

Total reactivity to brain proteins and intensity of IgG reacting to band-0 as a function of plasma TNFα levels in children older than 1 year.

<p>A. Positive correlation between PCA factor 1 and TNFα concentrations in the CM group, indicated by dashed regression line. B. Positive correlation between unadjusted reactivity to band 0 and TNFα levels. C. High band-0 reactivity was observed most frequently in CM patients with TNFα levels above 100 pg/mL (indicated as high-TNFα in a separate group on the right). Horizontal bars indicate medians. Only children over the age of 1 year are shown.</p

Intensity of IgG reacting to band-0 in children older than one year in each group.

<p>Horizontal bars indicate medians; the significant difference between patients with cerebral malaria (CM) and with UM+SNCM is indicated.</p

IgG immunoreactivity profiles from malaria patients.

<p>A. Example of reactivities of IgG from patients sera in the EUIC (3), UI (2), UM (2), SNCM (2) and CM (3) groups, respectively at day 0, day 7 and/or day 30 for each patient. B. Frequency of patients in each group recognizing ranges of 0–4, 5–8, 9–12 and more than 12 bands, respectively. 1: UI, 2: UM, 3: SNCM, 4: CM.</p

PCA factor scores from unadjusted IgG immunoreactivity profiles.

<p>A. Groupwise distribution of factor 1 scores. B. Groupwise distribution of factor 2 scores. C. Frequency of patients in each group with above-average factor 1 scores. D. Frequency of patients in each group with above-average factor 2 scores.</p

PCA factor loads.

<p>Relative contributions of reactivity bands to the first two PCA factors calculated on unadjusted profiles of IgG immunoreactivity to brain proteins separated by 10% SDS-PAGE. A. PCA factor 1. B. PCA factor 2. C. localisation of the band-0 on Western blot profile obtain after the computer analysis of membrane N°5. Bands are ordered from high to low molecular weight (between about 230 kDa and 20 kDa).</p