Stress, Burnout, and Experiential Avoidance in Clinical Psychology Doctoral Students

Research has shown that clinical psychology doctoral students experience stress and burnout, with attempts to moderate their experience utilizing various coping skills. The current study aimed to expand the literature on stress and burnout in clinical psychology doctoral students and the impact of experiential avoidance as a coping style. The current study surveyed clinical psychology doctoral students on their integration of experiential avoidance, as well as various coping styles, to mitigate stress and burnout. COVID-19 data and descriptive statistics were gathered as well. A correlational analysis and dependent sample t-test were conducted to understand the relationships between variables. The results from the study supported five out of the six hypotheses. The more experiential avoidance students engaged in, the higher their perceived stress and burnout scores. The higher levels of perceived stress, the higher levels of burnout. With respect to approach and avoidant coping styles, those with avoidant coping had higher levels of perceived stress, while those with approach coping showed no significant relationship with perceived stress. The results also suggested that self-care was reported to have increased due to COVID-19. The study calls for clinical psychology doctoral students and clinical psychology doctoral programs to practice and implement coping strategies, such as psychological flexibility, rather than avoidant strategies which may result in increased stress and clinical and academic burnout. Future studies may benefit from taking into account for particular coping styles and which are efficacious, as well as a specific look at multicultural factors

la historia holocena de lo estuario del Guadiana contada por diatomeas y quistes de crisofíceas

In order to tell the history of the Guadiana Estuary since the Last Glacial Maximum, a core collected therein, and spanning more than 13200 cal. years B.P., was studied regarding its diatom and chrysophyte cyst fossil records. Additionally, a diatom-based transfer function was used to reconstruct paleo-salinity and paleo-duration of tidal inundation to better understand the estuary’s evolution in relation to sea-level rise and climate changes. This study identifies some important climatic events, such as the Allerød climatic optimum, the Younger Dryas and three dry and cold events at 10600, 9100 and 7600 cal. years B.P., most of which were not identified by other proxies. Moreover, it also revealed that, prior to 13200 cal. years B.P., there was a mudflat environment in the place where the core was collected, consistent with an estuary slightly confined in the narrow valley under marine/tidal influence. Afterwards, this environment evolved into a salt marsh. The strongest marine influence was inferred to the period between 10000 and 7000 cal. years B.P., embracing a phase of rapid sea-level rise, non compensated by sedimentation, that favored the development of a mudflat. From this period onwards, diatom assemblages seem to indicate an evolution to a more enclosed environment, probably similar to the actual configuration of the area

Modern diatom assemblages as tools for paleoenvironmental reconstruction: a case study from estuarine intertidal zones in southern Iberia

Diatoms are unicellular algae that live in saline, brackish and freshwater environments, either floating in the water column or associated with various substrates (e.g., muddy and sandy sediments). Diatoms are sensitive to changes in environmental variables such as salinity, sediment texture, nutrient availability, light and temperature. This characteristic, along with their short lifespan, allows diatoms to quickly respond to environmental changes. Since the beginning of the 20th century, diatoms have been widely used to study the Holocene evolution of estuaries worldwide, particularly to reconstruct ecological responses to sea-level and climate changes. However, diatoms have been poorly studied in estuarine intertidal zones, due to the complexity of these environments, which have both fluvial and marine influences.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Association between Sleep Duration and 24-Hour Urine Free Cortisol in the MrOS Sleep Study

Context Short sleep duration is associated with adverse health outcomes, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. It has been postulated that short sleep duration may elevate cortisol levels, but studies have had conflicting results. It is unclear whether these differing findings may be due to methodological issues, such as assessment of sleep duration. Specifically, objective versus subjective methods of measuring habitual sleep duration may account for the conflicting results found in epidemiological studies. Objective: Our goal was to determine whether habitual sleep duration, measured objectively (by actigraphy) and subjectively (by self-report), was associated with 24-hour urine free cortisol (UFC), a measure of integrated cortisol secretion. Our secondary goal was to determine whether slow wave sleep (SWS, determined by polysomnography) was associated with 24-hour UFC. Design/Setting Cross sectional study of community dwelling older men. Patients/Participants 325 men (mean age = 76.6 years, SD = 5.5) from the Portland site of the MrOS Sleep Study, who underwent 24-hour urine collection, polysomnography, actigraphy and sleep questionnaire. Primary Outcome 24-hour UFC. Results: In this study of community dwelling older men, self-reported sleep duration was inversely related to 24-hour UFC levels. Participants reporting 5 to 8 hours of habitual sleep. However, sleep duration determined by actigraphy was not associated with 24-hour UFC in either univariable or multivariable regression models. SWS was not associated with 24-hour UFC. Conclusion: Objectively measured (i.e., actigraphic) sleep duration is not associated with 24-hour UFC in these community dwelling older men. This finding, together with prior studies, suggests that elevated levels of integrated cortisol secretion is not the mechanisms by which short sleep duration leads to adverse health outcomes

Oral Motor and Gesture Abilities Independently Associated With Preschool Language Skill:Longitudinal and Concurrent Relationships at 21 Months and 3-4 Years

Purpose Early motor abilities (gesture, oral motor, and gross/fine skills) are related to language abilities, and this is not due to an association with cognitive or symbolic abilities: Oral motor skills are uniquely associated with language abilities at 21 months of age. It is important to determine whether this motor-language relationship continues beyond the earliest stage of language development to understand language acquisition better and better predict which children may have lasting language difficulties. Method In this longitudinal study, we assessed language comprehension and production, oral motor skill, gross/fine motor skill, and meaningless manual gesture at ages 3 years (N = 89) and 4 years (N = 71), comparing the contribution of motor skill and earlier (at 21 months of age) language ability. We also examined covariates: nonverbal cognitive ability, socioeconomic status, and stimulation in the home as measured on the Home Screening Questionnaire. Results Motor abilities continue to have a significant relationship with language abilities independent of other factors in the preschool years. Meaningless manual gesture ability, gross/fine motor skill, and oral motor skill were still associated with language skill at 3 years of age; these relationships are not explained by the contribution of cognitive abilities or earlier language abilities. Conclusions Relationships between early motor skill and language development persist into preschool years and are not explained by other cognitive or home factors, nor by a relationship with earlier language ability. This finding should lead to a better understanding of the origins of language abilities

Increasing Awareness of Occupational Therapy for College Students at Dominican University of California

Background: This project is the third iteration of the Occupational Therapy (OT) college student program at Dominican University of California aiming to promote OT Coaching services for students while enhancing occupational engagement in daily activities, and overall well-being. Occupational therapists play a distinctive role in postsecondary education (AOTA, 2013).The second iteration of the OT college student program (2022–2023) prioritized collaboration with the school’s Student Success Center (SSC) and on-campus Integrative Coaches (ICs) who played a pivotal role in streamlining client referrals and enhancing the program outcomes. During their time with the program, this group was able to flagship a program that was uniquely tailored for Dominican students that had a 100% client retention rate across semesters, and were able to foster a lasting connection with the SSC. However, they found that there is a consistent lack of awareness about OT coaching and knowledge about the service on campus. They identified that in future iterations of the program the focus should be not only on the delivery of services for students but also the marketing, promotion, and awareness of the program as a whole. They recommended to continue and refine/formalize the referral process from IC’s, maintain the valued relationship with the SSC, and to offer a wider range of availability so students can access an OT coach within a broader time frame. Methods: In the fall of 2023, the current group took over this project to focus on (1) addressing the needs of college students, and (2) promote OT coaching at Dominican University of California. We completed a literature review on the prevalence of OT services working in post-secondary settings. Using this knowledge, we conducted a needs assessment and discovered that there is a lack of knowledge and awareness about what OT is and what it can offer for the various needs of college students. We found through our needs assessment that the occupational needs of college students include stress management, organization, time management, study habits, sleep, lifestyle balance, social life, and community engagement. To address the needs of college students, we continued to meet with students for 1:1 coaching sessions and collaborate with ICs. Evaluation of this was carried out through use of surveys at the end of each semester, and interviews with students who used the service, and ICs who referred students to OT Coaching. To explore increasing visibility of this program, we have participated in on-campus events such as the Marin Food Bank, visiting classes to speak about OT, and attend weekly integrative coaching meetings to discuss the role of OT and give insight into students\u27 needs. We have created an OT coaching website for students and faculty to learn about our services and set up appointments for 1-on-1 coaching. Evaluation of our promotion was accomplished through surveys and interviews. The outcome measures used for feedback includes google forms, interviews with previous clients and integrative coaches, number of student referrals, and insights from DU OT Coaching website. Results: We met with fifteen students on campus weekly, composed of both undergraduate and graduate level students, to work towards their goals. This includes evaluating their overall well-being and giving the students tools and strategies to navigate their occupational needs. Referring to addressing the needs of college students, key results from interviews and google forms show that students were satisfied with their experience, felt they made significant progress toward their goals, and were interested in continuing OT Coaching the following semester. In terms of increasing visibility, we found that tabling events and classroom talks did not directly yield new referrals, and all clients were connected to OT Coaching through referral from ICs. Further exploration of effective promotional methods is needed, with suggestions for campus fliers, and social media use. Conclusion: This project aimed to expand awareness of and integrate OT into campus services, focusing on students\u27 occupational needs, while addressing their needs through 1-on-1 coaching. The implementation of the program itself surfaced multiple findings that support the positive impact and value of OT coaching at Dominican University of California

Discovery and Early Evolution of ASASSN-19bt, the First TDE Detected by TESS

We present the discovery and early evolution of ASASSN-19bt, a tidal disruption event (TDE) discovered by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) at a distance of $d\simeq115$ Mpc and the first TDE to be detected by TESS. As the TDE is located in the TESS Continuous Viewing Zone, our dataset includes 30-minute cadence observations starting on 2018 July 25, and we precisely measure that the TDE begins to brighten $\sim8.3$ days before its discovery. Our dataset also includes 18 epochs of Swift UVOT and XRT observations, 2 epochs of XMM-Newton observations, 13 spectroscopic observations, and ground data from the Las Cumbres Observatory telescope network, spanning from 32 days before peak through 37 days after peak. ASASSN-19bt thus has the most detailed pre-peak dataset for any TDE. The TESS light curve indicates that the transient began to brighten on 2019 January 21.6 and that for the first 15 days its rise was consistent with a flux $\propto t^2$ power-law model. The optical/UV emission is well-fit by a blackbody SED, and ASASSN-19bt exhibits an early spike in its luminosity and temperature roughly 32 rest-frame days before peak and spanning up to 14 days that has not been seen in other TDEs, possibly because UV observations were not triggered early enough to detect it. It peaked on 2019 March 04.9 at a luminosity of $L\simeq1.3\times10^{44}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ and radiated $E\simeq3.2\times10^{50}$ ergs during the 41-day rise to peak. X-ray observations after peak indicate a softening of the hard X-ray emission prior to peak, reminiscent of the hard/soft states in X-ray binaries.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables. A machine-readable table containing the host-subtracted photometry presented in this manuscript is included as an ancillary fil

Adjustable Prone Trolley Design for People Suffering from Spinal Cords Injuries in Nepal

For people who suffer from spinal cord injuries in Nepal, rehabilitation and care are often difficult to receive, especially for those for whom fewer resources are available. Thankfully, International Nepal Fellowship (INF), a non-profit serving Nepal for nearly 70 years, aids patients with spinal cord injuries at Green Pastures Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre in Pokhara, Nepal. A crucial part of any rehabilitation is adequate exercise to improve circulation and prevent sores and muscular atrophy. Yet, due to the nature of the injury, using a traditional wheelchair is not an option to fulfill this need for those with spinal cord injuries. Therefore, Green Pastures uses prone trolleys so that these patients can exercise. A prone trolley is a horizontal cushioned board where the patient lies flat on their stomach and is able to move themselves using the wheels attached to the cushioned board. Despite the importance of the prone trolley, the trolleys at Green Pastures Hospital have a few critical issues. The major issue is that the prone trolleys are internationally imported, which not only means that delivery can take months, but also that the trolleys are also difficult to repair when damaged. Both these factors severely hamper Green Pastures Hospital’s ability to provide spinal cord injured patients with the care they need. The Nepal Prone Trolley team, a part of Messiah University Collaboratory, seeks to develop and design a fundamentally better prone trolley for INF. The goal of our project is to design a prone trolley that can be fabricated by the INF staff with locally sourced materials. The advantage of this new design is that it will be easier to obtain and can easily be repaired when needed. After creating a design that satisfies our goal and fulfills the criteria of a functional prone trolley as defined by INF, we were able to fabricate a prototype of the prone trolley using resources and techniques available in Pokhara. Moving forward, we will conduct testing and redesign the trolley so that our finalized prone trolley design will be able to transform how Green Pastures Hospital aids their spinal cord injury patients. Funding for this work provided by The Collaboratory for Strategic Partnerships and Applied Research.https://mosaic.messiah.edu/engr2022/1011/thumbnail.jp

Distress Tolerance as a Mechanism Linking Violence Exposure to Problematic Alcohol use in Adolescence

Adolescents exposed to violence are at elevated risk of developing most forms of psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse. Prior research has identified emotional reactivity and difficulties with emotion regulation as core mechanisms linking violence exposure with psychopathology. Scant research has examined behavioral responses to distress as a mechanism in this association. This study examined the association of violence exposure with distress tolerance—the ability to persist in the face of distress—and whether lower distress tolerance linked violence exposure with subsequent increases in depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse problems during adolescence. Data were collected prospectively in a sample of 287 adolescents aged 16–17 (44.3% male; 40.8% White). At Time 1, participants provided self-report of demographics, violence exposure, and psychopathology, and completed a behavioral measure of distress tolerance, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task. Four months later, participants (n = 237) repeated the psychopathology assessments. Violence exposure was associated with lower distress tolerance (β = -.21 p =.009), and elevated concurrent psychopathology (β =.16-.45, p =.001-.004). Low distress tolerance was prospectively associated with greater likelihood of abusing alcohol over time (OR =.63, p =.021), and mediated the association between violence exposure and greater levels (β =.02, 95% CI [.001,.063]) and likelihood (OR =.03, 95% CI [.006,.065]) of alcohol use over time. In contrast, low distress tolerance was not associated concurrently or prospectively with internalizing symptoms. Results persisted after controlling for socio-economic status. Findings suggest that distress tolerance is shaped by early experiences of threat and plays a role in the association between violence exposure and development of problematic alcohol use in adolescence