The effect of combining punishment and reward_1.sav

Raw data for the paper “The effect of combining punishment and reward can transfer to opposite motor learning”</p

<strong>Differential effects of reward and punishment on reinforcement-based</strong> <strong>motor learning and generalization</strong>

Group 1 is for the reward while group 2 is for the punishment.  A is short for reach angle. V is short for movement variability. LR1 is short for learning rate during the initial learning.  LR2 is short for learning rate during the generalization test.  LE1 is short for learning extent during the initial learning.  LE2 is short for learning extent during the generalization test.  </p

Comparison of the learning during the counter-rotation phase for the four groups.

A) The learning curves in the counter rotation phase of the four groups. B) Average learning rate, average learning extent, and average hand movement direction of the whole learning cycles of each group. Note the opposite number of participants’ actual hand movement direction is calculated here. Positive angle denotes CW direction. Error bars denote SEM. *p < 0.05.</p

Global heat wave records from 1971 to 2100

A long-term global heat wave record dataset was constructed using three historical hourly climate data of CRU-JRA, ERA5 and GLDAS and future daily climate data of GFDL-ESM4 under three SSPS (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways). These datasets are based on constant thresholds over 35 °C, percentile thresholds over 90%, and duration thresholds over 3 days. The Python file is the source code for the Global Heat Wave Toolbox, which can be used to generate heat wave records based on custom thresholds

Comparison of the learning during the relearning phase from the four groups.

A) The learning curves in the relearning phase of the four groups. B) Average learning rate, average learning extent, and average hand movement direction of the whole learning cycles for each group. Positive angle denotes CW direction. Error bars denote SEM.</p

Learning data for all the 8 phases for the <i>Control</i> group.

The grey lines denote the perfect hand movement direction to counter the visual perturbation. The dashed lines denote no visual cursor feedback. Positive angle denotes CW direction. Error bars denote SEM.</p

Experimental setup and designs.

A. Side view of the experimental setup. B. The illustration of the four possible targets and the perturbation of CCW visuomotor rotation. When the participant moves their hand to the top-right target (the dashed arrow), the cursor represented by the black circle was rotated 30° CCW to the hand position (the solid arrow). Then the hand gradually rotates clockwise over trials to bring the cursor to land on the target (the grey arrows). C. Eight phases of trials: baseline, initial rotation learning, initial no-vision, initial washout, counter-rotation, second washout, relearning, and second no-vision. The positive angle indicates CCW rotation. The dashed horizontal lines during no-vision phases indicate no visual feedback. The dashed and solid arrows denote the trajectory of hand and cursor movement, respectively. Shaded gray: participants received punishment (P), reward (R), combination of punishment and reward (PR) or random number (C) during initial rotation learning phase.</p

Comparison of the learning during the initial rotation learning phase from four different groups.

A) The learning curves during the initial rotation learning phase of the four groups. Inset illustrates the score curves for the three motivational groups. B) Average learning rate, average learning extent, and average hand movement direction of the whole learning cycles of each group. Positive angle denotes CW direction. Error bars denote SEM. *p p < 0.01.</p

sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605231162784 - Supplemental material for Renal pseudoaneurysm after holmium laser lithotripsy with flexible ureteroscopy: an unusual case report and literature review

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605231162784 for Renal pseudoaneurysm after holmium laser lithotripsy with flexible ureteroscopy: an unusual case report and literature review by Cong Yin, Fengzhi Chen, Jiahao Jiang, Jinming Xu and Bentao Shi in Journal of International Medical Research</p