DataSheet1_Evolution and Features of China’s Central Government Funding System for Basic Research.docx

Basic research is believed to be a crucial factor for building national innovation capacity and therefore was perceived as a key battleground for national technological and economic competition. Since the economic reform and opening up in the late 1970s, China has made great achievements in building up its national research system. However, the lacking capabilities to conduct ground-breaking scientific work remain one of the daunting challenges for the country. How to restructure its funding system for basic research so to reinvigorate its indigenous innovation capacity has been one of the main concerns for the Chinese government in recent years. To address this, the paper proposes a conceptual framework to analyze how China’s central government funding system for basic research has evolved since 1985. The paper concludes with a discussion of the identified problems and challenges that China is facing in its current funding system for basic research.</p

Long non-coding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) modulates inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) to facilitate papillary thyroid carcinoma development by sponging microRNA-524-5p

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) exerts a pro-oncogenic role in several cancers, whereas its underlying regulatory mechanism in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) progression remains unknown. This research mainly explored the roles of NEAT1 in PTC development. Quantitative real-time polymerase-chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to measure NEAT1, miR-524-5p, and inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) expression in PTC tissues and cells. Western blot was conducted for detecting the protein levels. MTT, transwell, and flow cytometry assays were applied to assess cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis in PTC cells in vitro. The PTC xenograft tumor model was used for investigating the role of NEAT1 in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilized for confirming the interaction between miR-524-5p and NEAT1 or ID1. In PTC tissues and cells, NEAT1 was significantly up-regulated. NEAT1 silencing blocked cell proliferation, metastasis, and facilitated apoptosis in vitro and impeded xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Bioinformatics prediction revealed the existence of binding sites between NEAT1 and miR-524-5p. Besides, ID1 was confirmed as a direct target to miR-524-5p, and the enhancement of ID1 reversed the regulation of miR-524-5p upregulation on cell progression. In addition, NEAT1 promoted PTC development by regulating ID1 expression via sponging miR-524-5p in PTC. In summary, we demonstrate that NEAT1 advanced the process of PTC by miR-524-5p/ID1 axis, which may enhance our comprehension of PTC pathogenesis.</p

p53 Promotes Ferroptosis in Macrophages Treated with Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles

Fe3O4 nanoparticles are the most widely used magnetic nanoparticles in the biomedicine field. The biodistribution of most nanoparticles in vivo is determined by the capture of macrophages; however, the effects of nanoparticles on macrophages remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that Fe3O4 nanoparticles could reduce macrophage viability after 48 h of treatment and induce a shift in macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype; RNA sequencing revealed the activation of the ferroptosis pathway and p53 upregulation compared to the control group. The expression in p53, xCT, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and transferrin receptor (TFR) in macrophages was similar to that in erastin-induced ferroptosis in macrophages, and the ultrastructural morphology of mitochondria was consistent with that of erastin-treated cells. We used DCFH-DA to estimate the intracellular reactive oxygen species content in Fe3O4 nanoparticles treated with Ana-1 and JC-1 fluorescent probes to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential change; both showed to be time-dependent. Fer-1 inhibited the reduction of the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio and inhibited intracellular oxidative stress states; therefore, Fe3O4 nanoparticles induced ferroptosis in macrophages. Finally, we used pifithrin-α hydrobromide (PFT) as a p53 inhibitor to verify whether the high expression of p53 is involved in mediating this process. After PFT treatment, the live/dead cell rate, TFR, p53 expression, and GPX4 consumption were inhibited and mitigated the GSH/GSSG ratio reduction as well. This indicates that p53 may contribute to Fe3O4 nanoparticle-induced ferroptosis of macrophages. We provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in macrophages and the biotoxicity in vivo induced by Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Table1_An immune infiltration-related long non-coding RNAs signature predicts prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma.XLSX

Background: With a high incidence and dismal survival rate, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tops the list of the world’s most frequent malignant tumors. Immunotherapy is a new approach to cancer treatment, and its effect on prolonging overall survival (OS) varies from patient to patient. For a more effective prognosis and treatment of HCC, we are committed to identifying immune infiltration-related long non-coding RNAs (IIRLs) with prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods: In our study, we calculated immune scores of 369 hepatocellular carcinoma samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database by using an estimation algorithm, and obtained long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with immune infiltration by using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network analysis (WGCNA). For training cohort, univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to determine prognostic IIRLs, we established a prognostic IIRLs signature. By testing cohort and entire cohort, we confirmed that the signature is practical. The prognosis of people with different clinicopathological stages and risk scores were predicted by the nomogram we constructed. In addition, Immune cell infiltration analysis and prediction of therapeutic drugs were performed.Results: 93 IIRLs were obtained by WGCNA. Furthermore, the prognostic value of these IIRLs were evaluated by using univariate Cox, Lasso and multivariate Cox analysis. Four IIRLs were used to create a signature with a prognosis. Time-related receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that this model had an acceptable prognostic value for HCC patients. By using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, this risk score has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor for HCC. The nomogram we made showed good predictions. Except for that, the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) was likely to be more effective for low-risk patients.Conclusion: Based on four IIRLs, a prognostic signature was created in this research showed good accuracy in predicting OS. This study also provided valuable references for Immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.</p

Table1_Techno-economic assessment of electrolytic hydrogen in China considering wind-solar-load characteristics.docx

Hydrogen production by electrolysis is considered an essential means of consuming renewable energy in the future. However, the current assessment of the potential of renewable energy electrolysis for hydrogen production is relatively simple, and the perspective is not comprehensive. Here, we established a Combined Wind and Solar Electrolytic Hydrogen system, considering the influence of regional wind-solar-load characteristics and transmission costs to evaluate the hydrogen production potential of 31 provincial-level regions in China in 2050. The results show that in 2050, the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) in China’s provincial regions will still be higher than 10 ¥/kg, which is not cost-competitive compared to the current hydrogen production from fossil fuels. It is more cost-effective to deploy wind turbines than photovoltaic in areas with similar wind and solar resources or rich in wind resources. Wind-solar differences impact LCOH, equipment capacity configuration, and transmission cost composition, while load fluctuation significantly impacts LCOH and electricity storage configuration. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of 11 technical and economic parameters showed differences in the response performance of LCOH changes to different parameters, and the electrolyzer conversion efficiency had the most severe impact. The analysis of subsidy policy shows that for most regions (except Chongqing and Xizang), subsidizing the unit investment cost of wind turbines can minimize LCOH. Nevertheless, from the perspective of comprehensive subsidy effect, subsidy cost, and hydrogen energy development, it is more cost-effective to take subsidies for electrolysis equipment with the popularization of hydrogen.</p

Additional file 2: of Selection of three miRNA signatures with prognostic value in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia

Table S2. Title of data: Top ten coding genes correlated with each selected miRNAs. Description of data: This table listed top 10 coding genes associated with the 3 selected miRNAs. This correlation was analyzed by Pearson correlation and the expression level of top 10 coding genes was associated with 3 miRNAs with the highest Pearson correlation coefficient. (DOCX 16 kb

Additional file 1: of Selection of three miRNA signatures with prognostic value in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia

Table S1. Title of data: List of top 50 miRNAs in the multivariate analysis after adjustment by FDR. Description of data: This Table listed TOP 50 miRNAs after multivariate analysis and the top 3 miRNAs were significantly associated with AML prognosis. (DOCX 18 kb

Prognostic Value of Pleural Lavage Cytology in Patients with Lung Cancer Resection: An Updated Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Objective</p><p>Pleural lavage cytology (PLC) is considered as a possible tool for assessing prognosis of lung cancer patients. We aimed to comprehensively review the prognosis value of PLC in patients undergoing surgical resection.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We searched 4 electronic databases for relevant studies comparing positive PLC and negative PLC. The primary outcomes included survival rate and recurrence rate at maximum follow-up.</p><p>Results</p><p>The meta-analysis included 28 studies, with a total of 20,714 patients. For the overall survival rate of all stages, the results demonstrated that positive pre-resection, post-resection and pooled PLC were associated with unfavorable survival: hazard ratio (HR) 2.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.48–3.37), 2.70 (1.90–3.83), and 2.89 (2.52–3.31), respectively. For the stage I survival rate, the combined results also suggested that positive pre-resection, post-resection and pooled PLC were associated with unfavorable survival: HR 3.29 (95% CI 2.55–4.25), 4.85 (2.31–10.20), and 3.16 (2.53–3.94), respectively. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of 14 studies included 14,279 patients showed that positive pre-resection, post-resection and pooled PLC were associated with an increased risk of overall recurrence: risk ratio (RR) 2.45 (95% CI 1.91–3.15), 2.37 (1.11–5.09), and 2.37 (95% CI 2.00–2.80), respectively. Positive PLC was also associated with a high pleural recurrence (RR 4.77; 95% CI 3.13–7.26) or distant recurrence (RR 2.33; 95% CI 1.65–3.29).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Both positive pre- resection and post-resection PLC are associated with not only higher tumor recurrence but also unfavorable survival outcomes in patients with lung cancer resection. This technique can therefore act as a strong prognostic factor for tumor recurrence and adverse survival rates.</p></div

Recurrence data of PLC in the meta-analysis.

<p>Recurrence data of PLC in the meta-analysis.</p