4,200 research outputs found
Neutron Scattering and magnetization studies of BaCuCoOCl: A decorated two-dimensional antiferromagnet
BaCuOCl has two inter-penetrating square Cu sublattices, one
with square root 2 times the in-plane spacing of the other. Isotropic magnetic
interactions between the two sublattices are completely frustrated. Quantum
fluctuations resolve the intrinsic degeneracy in the ordering direction of the
more weakly coupled sublattice in favor of collinear ordering. We present
neutron scattering and magnetization studies of the magnetic structure when the
Cu ions are substituted with Co. The Co spins create new magnetic interactions
between the two sublattices. The ordering behavior of both Cu sublattices is
retained largely unmodified. Between the phase transitions of the two
sublattices spin-glass behavior is observed. Magnetization results show a
strong enhancement to the ferromagnetic aspect of the magnetic structure. The
combination of glassy behavior and large moments strongly suggest that the Co
moments induce the formation of local canted states.Comment: 4 figure
The nature and regional significance of structures in the Gala Group of the Southern Uplands terrane, Berwickshire coast, southeastern Scotland
Structures deforming Llandovery turbidites of the Gala Group in the Southern Uplands terrane are spectacularly exposed in the Berwickshire coastal section, southeastern Scotland. The upward-facing, upright to NW-vergent folds and associated structures appear to record a single regional phase of subhorizontal NW-SE contractional deformation, with a steeply dipping direction of bulk finite extension. These structures are markedly different from those developed in rocks correlated with the Upper Llandovery Hawick Group exposed some 5 km to the south in the Eyemouth-Burnmouth coastal section. Here a highly domainal system of sinistral transpressional strain occurs, with zones of steeply plunging curvilinear folds, clockwise cleavage transection and bedding-parallel sinistral detachment faults. The markedly different bulk strain patterns in the Berwickshire coastal sections are thought to reflect the regionally diachronous nature of transpressional deformation in the Southern Uplands terrane. There are striking similarities in the structures recognized in the Berwickshire coastal sections and those developed in stratigraphically equivalent units along strike in southwestern Scotland and Northern Ireland. This confirms the lateral structural continuity and correlation of tracts and tract boundaries along the entire length of the Southern Uplands terrane. The regional structure suggests that a phase of top-to-the-NW backtbrusting and backfolding associated with the southern margin of the Gala Group outcrop marks the transition from orthogonal contraction to sinistral transpression in the Southern Upland thrust wedge during late Llandovery times
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Medium-chain triglycerides and conjugated linoleic acids in beverage form increase satiety and reduce food intake in humans
Both developed and developing countries are seeing increasing trends of obesity in people young and old. It is thought that satiety may play a role in the prevention of obesity by increasing satiety and reducing energy intake. We hypothesized that medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) would increase satiety and decrease food intake compared with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and a control oil. Nineteen healthy participants were tested on 3 separate occasions, where they consumed a beverage test breakfast containing (1) vegetable oil (control), (2) CLA, or (3) MCT. Participants self-requested an ad libitum sandwich buffet lunch. Time between meals, satiety from visual analog scales, energy intake at lunch, and intake for the rest of the day using weighed food diaries were measured. The results indicated that the time until a meal request was significantly different between the 3 meals (P=.016); however, there were no differences in intakes at the ad libitum lunch (P>.05). The CLA breakfast generated the greatest delay in meal time request. There was a difference between the control lipid compared with both the CLA and MCT for energy intake over the remainder of the test day and for total energy intake on the test day (P.05). Both CLA and MCT increased satiety and reduced energy intake, indicating a potential role in aiding the maintenance of energy balance
Colloidal templating at a cholesteric - oil interface: Assembly guided by an array of disclination lines
We simulate colloids (radius m) trapped at the interface between
a cholesteric liquid crystal and an immiscible oil, at which the helical order
(pitch p) in the bulk conflicts with the orientation induced at the interface,
stabilizing an ordered array of disclinations. For weak anchoring strength W of
the director field at the colloidal surface, this creates a template, favoring
particle positions eitheron top of or midway between defect lines, depending on
. For small , optical microscopy experiments confirm this
picture, but for larger no templating is seen. This may stem from the
emergence at moderate W of a rugged energy landscape associated with defect
reconnections.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Infrared astronomical satellite (IRAS) catalogs and atlases. Volume 1: Explanatory supplement
The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) was launched on January 26, 1983. During its 300-day mission, IRAS surveyed over 96 pct of the celestial sphere at four infrared wavelengths, centered approximately at 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns. Volume 1 describes the instrument, the mission, and data reduction
A new infrared band in the Interstellar and Circumstellar Clouds: C_4 or C_4H?
We report on the detection with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) of a
molecular band at 57.5 microns (174 cm^{-1}) in carbon-rich evolved stars and
in Sgr B2. Taking into account the chemistry of these objects the most
likelihood carrier is a carbon chain. We tentatively assign the band to the
nu_5 bending mode of C_4 for which a wavenumber of 170-172.4 cm^{-1} has been
derived in matrix experiments (Withey et al. 1991). An alternate carrier might
be C_4H, although the frequency of its lowest energy vibrational bending mode,
nu_7, is poorly known (130-226 cm^{-1}). If the carrier is C_4, the derived
maximum abundance is nearly similar to that found for C_3 in the interstellar
and circumstellar media by Cernicharo, Goicoechea & Caux (2000). Hence,
tetra-atomic carbon could be one of the most abundant carbon chain molecules in
these media.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, accepted in ApJ Letter
OH rotational lines as a diagnostic of the warm neutral gas in galaxies
We present Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) observations of several OH, CH
and H2O rotational lines toward the bright infrared galaxies NGC253 and
NGC1068. As found in the Galactic clouds in SgrB2 and Orion, the extragalactic
far-IR OH lines change from absorption to emission depending on the physical
conditions and distribution of gas and dust along the line of sight. As a
result, most of the OH rotational lines that appear in absorption toward NGC253
are observed in emission toward NGC1068. We show that the far-IR spectrum of OH
can be used as a powerful diagnostic to derive the physical conditions of
extragalactic neutral gas. In particular, we find that a warm (Tk~150 K, n(H2)<
5 10^4 cm^-3) component of molecular gas with an OH abundance of 10^{-7} from
the inner <15'' can qualitatively reproduce the OH lines toward NGC253. Similar
temperatures but higher densities (5 10^5 cm^-3) are required to explain the OH
emission in NGC1068.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted in ApJ Part I (2004, October 6
Detection of Far-Infrared Water Vapor, Hydroxyl, and Carbon Monoxide Emissions from the Supernova Remnant 3C 391
We report the detection of shock-excited far-infrared emission of H2O, OH,
and CO from the supernova remnant 3C 391, using the ISO Long-Wavelength
Spectrometer. This is the first detection of thermal H2O and OH emission from a
supernova remnant. For two other remnants, W~28 and W~44, CO emission was
detected but OH was only detected in absorption. The observed H2O and OH
emission lines arise from levels within ~400 K of the ground state, consistent
with collisional excitation in warm, dense gas created after the passage of the
shock front through the dense clumps in the pre-shock cloud. The post-shock gas
we observe has a density ~2x10^5 cm^{-3} and temperature 100-1000 K, and the
relative abundances of CO:OH:H2O in the emitting region are 100:1:7 for a
temperature of 200 K. The presence of a significant column of warm H2O suggests
that the chemistry has been significantly changed by the shock. The existence
of significant column densities of both OH and H2O, which is at odds with
models for non-dissociative shocks into dense gas, could be due to
photodissociation of H2O or a mix of fast and slow shocks through regions with
different pre-shock density.Comment: AASTeX manuscript and 4 postscript figure
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