DataSheet1_Spatiotemporal Impact on Vegetation by Tunnel Discharging in the Jinping II Hydropower Station: Evidence From the NDVI and GPP Monitoring Dataset of 2001–2019.docx

An impact on vegetation by tunnel discharging has been a critical point for underground constructions around the world. The Jinping II hydropower station in China possesses the world’s largest karst diversion tunnel group and discharged massive groundwater during the construction period. This study assessed the effects on vegetation in the karst and non-karst areas at different stages before construction (2001–2003, BC), during construction (2004–2014, DC), and after construction (2015–2019, AC) based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the gross primary productivity (GPP) dataset of the moderate resolution-imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). The regional median results of the NDVI and GPP showed that the whole vegetation was little changed by massive tunnel drainage throughout BC, DC, and AC. The NDVI and GPP were locally decreased in the first 3 years, and then recovered to the original level within next several years. Notably, the NDVI and GPP of the karst area (20 and 50% in the total area) were decreased more significantly than those of the non-karst area (8 and 20% in the total area). The factors controlling vegetation change are the development of karst and fractures, which are the conduits of groundwater flow. Therefore, massive groundwater discharge is the primary influence leading to the vegetation deterioration in the Jinping II hydropower station. The research would provide a vital reference for vegetation protection of large-scale underground construction in the world.</p

Optically Active Microspheres Constructed by Helical Substituted Polyacetylene and Used for Adsorption of Organic Compounds in Aqueous Systems

This article reports optically active microspheres consisting of chiral helical substituted polyacetylene and β-cyclodextrin-derivative (β-CD-A). The microspheres showed remarkable adsorption toward various organic compounds in water. To prepare the microspheres, an acetylenic-derived helical macro-monomer was synthesized and then underwent aqueous suspension copolymerization with octadecyl acrylate and butyl acrylate by using azobis­(isobutyronitrile) as initiator and β-CD-A simultaneously as comonomer and cross-linking agent. The helical macro-monomer chains enabled the microspheres to exhibit desirable enantio-differentiating adsorption capacity toward chiral compounds respectively dissolved in organic solvent, dispersed in water, and dissolved in water. The saturated absorbency toward (<i>R</i>)-(+)- and (<i>S</i>)-(−)-1-phenylethylamine was 29 and 12 mg·g^–1, respectively. The microspheres also showed large oil absorbency (e.g., 22 g·g^–1 CCl₄) and a large adsorption toward methyl red (as a model for organic dyes) dispersed in water. The presence of β-CD-A moieties improved the adsorption performance of the microspheres. The present optically active microspheres open a new approach for preparing adsorbents particularly chiral adsorbents with potentials for wastewater treatment

Accelerated Dual Activation of Lattice Oxygen and Molecule Oxygen over CoMn₂O₄ Catalysts for VOC Oxidation: Promoting the Role of Oxygen Vacancies

The in-depth activation mechanism of oxygen species (including lattice oxygen and gaseous oxygen) for catalytic oxidation reactions has not been elucidated and still remains a question on the experimental level. In this work, the dual activation of lattice oxygen and molecule oxygen for highly efficient volatile organic compound oxidation was observed on spinel catalysts through the construction of oxygen vacancy engineering (urea modification). The active surface lattice oxygen species were generated via weakening the metal–oxygen bond strength, which could be easily activated to participate in the catalytic oxidation of toluene to form CO2. Simultaneously, the activation ability of gaseous molecular oxygen was also enhanced to promote the replenishment of lattice oxygen species. Moreover, the formation and consumption rates of intermediates could be significantly accelerated due to the dual activation of oxygen species. Hence, the U400 catalyst (T90 = 217 °C) exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic performance for toluene oxidation compared with the pristine catalyst (T90 = 250 °C). This work provided a credible comprehension of the dual activation process of lattice oxygen and molecule oxygen in the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation reaction, which was efficient for developing a pathway to boost the catalytic oxidation activity

Chiral Microspheres Consisting Purely of Optically Active Helical Substituted Polyacetylene: The First Preparation via Precipitation Polymerization and Application in Enantioselective Crystallization

This article reports on a novel type of microspheres (∼720 nm in diameter) prepared via precipitation polymerization and constructed by optically active helical substituted polyacetylene (PSA). The microspheres were obtained in high yield (>80%), with regular morphology and narrow size distribution. PSA forming the microspheres was found to adopt helices with predominant one-handed screw sense, according to circular dichroism and UV–vis absorption spectroscopies and specific optical rotation measurements. The helical conformations of PSA endowed the microspheres thereof with considerable optical activity. The chiral microspheres feature in combining in one entity the advantages of both chiral polymers and the micrometer-sized particles in scale and spherical morphology and thus are expected to find some significant applications. This is well exemplified by successful induction of enantioselective crystallization with the chiral microspheres. Such chiral microspheres efficiently induced enantioselective crystallization of alanine enantiomers: (<i>S</i>)-PSA preferably induced l-alanine to form octahedral crystals while (<i>R</i>)-PSA toward d-alanine forming needle-like crystals, with a remarkably high ee (85%). This is the first precipitation polymerization of substituted acetylenes for preparing chiral polymeric microspheres. The present chiral microspheres represent a new type of advanced functional chiral materials

Data_Sheet_1_Vigilance or avoidance: How do autistic traits and social anxiety modulate attention to the eyes?.docx

IntroductionSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are highly overlapping in symptoms and have a high rate of comorbidity, posing challenges in diagnosis and intervention for both disorders. Both disorders are linked to abnormal attention to the eyes, yet how they interactively modulate the attentional process to the eyes remains unclear.MethodsIn this study, we explored how autistic traits and social anxiety in college students separately and together affected different temporal stages of attention to the eyes. Participants were instructed to view virtual faces for 10 s and make an emotional judgment, while their eye movements were recorded.ResultsWe found that social anxiety and autistic traits affected different temporal stages of eye-looking. Social anxiety only affected the first fixation duration on the eyes, while autistic traits were associated with eye avoidance at several time points in the later stage. More importantly, we found an interactive effect of autistic traits and social anxiety on the initial attention to the eyes: Among people scoring high on autistic traits, social anxiety was related to an early avoidance of the eyes as well as attention maintenance once fixated on the eyes.DiscussionOur study suggests the separate and interactive roles of social anxiety and autistic traits in attention to the eyes. It contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of social attention in both SAD and ASD and highlights the application of psychiatric diagnoses using eye-tracking techniques.</p

sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613211064373 – Supplemental material for Investigating intra-individual variability of face scanning in autistic children

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613211064373 for Investigating intra-individual variability of face scanning in autistic children by Qiandong Wang, Haoyang Lu, Shuyuan Feng, Ci Song, Yixiao Hu and Li Yi in Autism</p

Additional file 2 of Alcohol consumption and hepatocellular carcinoma: novel insights from a prospective cohort study and nonlinear Mendelian randomization analysis

Additional file 2: Table S1. Calculation of pure alcohol intake in the UK Biobank cohort. Table S2. Prevalent and incident diseases in the UK Biobank cohort. Table S3. Characteristics of the study participants by levels of alcohol drinking. Table S4. AIC values for the additive Cox regression models with different degree of freedom. Table S5. Statistics for the nonlinear Mendelian randomization analysis. Table S6. AIC values for the additive Cox regression models with the exclusion of people mainly drinking wine. Table S7. AIC values for the additive Cox regression models in people mainly drinking wine

Data_Sheet_1_Effect of Smoking on Lung Function Decline in a Retrospective Study of a Health Examination Population in Chinese Males.docx

Objective:China has established a goal of reducing adult smoking prevalence from 27.7% to 20% by 2030. Understanding the possible ongoing impairment in lung function in smokers, is critically important to encourage the populations to change their smoking behavior.MethodsA total of 14,273 males joined the health examination at Huadong Sanatorium from Jan 2012 to Dec 2019 were included. In cross-sectional analysis, we used multiple linear regression to evaluate the association between baseline lung function and smoking status. Then, 3,558 males who received ≥2 spirometry exams were analyzed in longitudinal study. Annual lung function decline was compared using mixed linear models adjusted for confounders.ResultsIn cross-sectional analysis, compared with never-smokers, decreases of −133.56 mL (95% CI: −167.27, −99.85) and −51.44 mL (−69.62, −33.26) in FEV1, −1.48% (−1.94, −1.02) and −1.29% (−1.53, −1.04) in FEV1/FVC were observed in former and current smokers. In longitudinal analysis, significant declines were observed in FEV1 [5.04 (2.30, 7.78) mL] and FEV1/FVC [0.09 (0.05, 0.13) %] in current smokers but not observed in former smokers after adjustment. Participants with long duration of smoking cessation had decelerate lung function than short duration. The annual decline rate of current smokers with high smoking intensity (≥30 cigarettes per day) was 13.80 and 14.17 times greater than that of never-smokers in FEV1 and FVC. Thus, early smoking cessation can slow down lung function decline trend for current smokers.ConclusionsThe harms of current smoking on lung function emphasize the necessity of smoking cessation, especially for those with comorbidities.</p

Image_1_Effect of Smoking on Lung Function Decline in a Retrospective Study of a Health Examination Population in Chinese Males.TIFF

Objective:China has established a goal of reducing adult smoking prevalence from 27.7% to 20% by 2030. Understanding the possible ongoing impairment in lung function in smokers, is critically important to encourage the populations to change their smoking behavior.MethodsA total of 14,273 males joined the health examination at Huadong Sanatorium from Jan 2012 to Dec 2019 were included. In cross-sectional analysis, we used multiple linear regression to evaluate the association between baseline lung function and smoking status. Then, 3,558 males who received ≥2 spirometry exams were analyzed in longitudinal study. Annual lung function decline was compared using mixed linear models adjusted for confounders.ResultsIn cross-sectional analysis, compared with never-smokers, decreases of −133.56 mL (95% CI: −167.27, −99.85) and −51.44 mL (−69.62, −33.26) in FEV1, −1.48% (−1.94, −1.02) and −1.29% (−1.53, −1.04) in FEV1/FVC were observed in former and current smokers. In longitudinal analysis, significant declines were observed in FEV1 [5.04 (2.30, 7.78) mL] and FEV1/FVC [0.09 (0.05, 0.13) %] in current smokers but not observed in former smokers after adjustment. Participants with long duration of smoking cessation had decelerate lung function than short duration. The annual decline rate of current smokers with high smoking intensity (≥30 cigarettes per day) was 13.80 and 14.17 times greater than that of never-smokers in FEV1 and FVC. Thus, early smoking cessation can slow down lung function decline trend for current smokers.ConclusionsThe harms of current smoking on lung function emphasize the necessity of smoking cessation, especially for those with comorbidities.</p

Image_3_Effect of Smoking on Lung Function Decline in a Retrospective Study of a Health Examination Population in Chinese Males.TIF

Objective:China has established a goal of reducing adult smoking prevalence from 27.7% to 20% by 2030. Understanding the possible ongoing impairment in lung function in smokers, is critically important to encourage the populations to change their smoking behavior.MethodsA total of 14,273 males joined the health examination at Huadong Sanatorium from Jan 2012 to Dec 2019 were included. In cross-sectional analysis, we used multiple linear regression to evaluate the association between baseline lung function and smoking status. Then, 3,558 males who received ≥2 spirometry exams were analyzed in longitudinal study. Annual lung function decline was compared using mixed linear models adjusted for confounders.ResultsIn cross-sectional analysis, compared with never-smokers, decreases of −133.56 mL (95% CI: −167.27, −99.85) and −51.44 mL (−69.62, −33.26) in FEV1, −1.48% (−1.94, −1.02) and −1.29% (−1.53, −1.04) in FEV1/FVC were observed in former and current smokers. In longitudinal analysis, significant declines were observed in FEV1 [5.04 (2.30, 7.78) mL] and FEV1/FVC [0.09 (0.05, 0.13) %] in current smokers but not observed in former smokers after adjustment. Participants with long duration of smoking cessation had decelerate lung function than short duration. The annual decline rate of current smokers with high smoking intensity (≥30 cigarettes per day) was 13.80 and 14.17 times greater than that of never-smokers in FEV1 and FVC. Thus, early smoking cessation can slow down lung function decline trend for current smokers.ConclusionsThe harms of current smoking on lung function emphasize the necessity of smoking cessation, especially for those with comorbidities.</p