Data_Sheet_2_Mechanism of Qihuang needle therapy in the management of tic disorders: a clinical trial protocol.pdf

BackgroundQihuang needle therapy is a newly developed acupuncture therapy to treat tic disorders in clinical practice. However, the mechanism to reduce tic severity remains unknown. Changes in intestinal flora and circulation metabolites are perhaps the potential pathogenesis of tic disorders. As a result, we present a protocol for a controlled clinical trial using multi-omics analysis to probe the mechanism of the Qihuang needle in managing tic disorders.MethodsThis is a matched-pairs design, controlled, clinical trial for patients with tic disorders. Participants will be allocated to either an experimental group or a healthy control group. The main acupoints are Baihui (GV20), Yintang (EX-HN3), and Jueyinshu (BL14). The experimental group will receive Qihuang needle therapy for a month, while the control group will receive no interventions.Expected outcomesThe change in the severity of the tic disorder is set as the main outcome. Secondary outcomes include gastrointestinal severity index and recurrence rate, which will be calculated after a 12-week follow-up. Gut microbiota, measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing; serum metabolomics, assessed via LC/MS; and serum zonulin, assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), will be used as biological specimen analysis outcomes. The present study will investigate the possible interactions between intestinal flora and serum metabolites and the improvement of clinical profiles, which may elucidate the mechanism of Qihuang needle therapy for tic disorders.Trial registrationThis trial is registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/). Registration number: ChiCTR2200057723, Date: 2022-04-14.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Mechanism of Qihuang needle therapy in the management of tic disorders: a clinical trial protocol.pdf

BackgroundQihuang needle therapy is a newly developed acupuncture therapy to treat tic disorders in clinical practice. However, the mechanism to reduce tic severity remains unknown. Changes in intestinal flora and circulation metabolites are perhaps the potential pathogenesis of tic disorders. As a result, we present a protocol for a controlled clinical trial using multi-omics analysis to probe the mechanism of the Qihuang needle in managing tic disorders.MethodsThis is a matched-pairs design, controlled, clinical trial for patients with tic disorders. Participants will be allocated to either an experimental group or a healthy control group. The main acupoints are Baihui (GV20), Yintang (EX-HN3), and Jueyinshu (BL14). The experimental group will receive Qihuang needle therapy for a month, while the control group will receive no interventions.Expected outcomesThe change in the severity of the tic disorder is set as the main outcome. Secondary outcomes include gastrointestinal severity index and recurrence rate, which will be calculated after a 12-week follow-up. Gut microbiota, measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing; serum metabolomics, assessed via LC/MS; and serum zonulin, assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), will be used as biological specimen analysis outcomes. The present study will investigate the possible interactions between intestinal flora and serum metabolites and the improvement of clinical profiles, which may elucidate the mechanism of Qihuang needle therapy for tic disorders.Trial registrationThis trial is registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/). Registration number: ChiCTR2200057723, Date: 2022-04-14.</p

Quantitative Proteome of Medulla Oblongata in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

We performed an extensive quantitative proteomic analysis on the pooled medulla sample of the 11-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared to age-matched normotensive Wistar rats, using iTRAQ technology coupled with nano two-dimentional liquid chromatography followed by high resolution mass spectrometric abundance indexes techniques. Many differentially expressed proteins identified were involved in energy metabolism, such as mitochondrial part, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and respiratory chain. These proteins were included in citrate cycle (TCA cycle), pyruvate metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. The proteomic analysis and subsequent Western blotting on two independent cohorts of animials indicated that the dysregulation of energy metabolism existed in the medulla of the SHR rats. The differentially expressed proteins in the dysregulation of energy metabolism in the medulla of SHR rats included down-regulated ATP6V1D, ATP6VOA1, ATP5L, DLD proteins and up-regulated AK1 protein. MAO-A protein also exhibited decreased regulation, as well as the other 3 above-mentioned energy-relative proteins (ATP6V1D, ATP5L and DLD proteins) belonging to the heterocycle metabolic process. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis on 4 of the differentially expressed proteins respectively resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.95, 0.90, 0.92, and 0.81 for differentiating the SHR rats from the normotensive rats. This dysfunction in energy metabolism localizes to the medulla, the lower part of brain stem, and is, therefore, likely to contribute to the development, as well as to pathophysiological complications of hypertension

Quantitative Proteome of Medulla Oblongata in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

We performed an extensive quantitative proteomic analysis on the pooled medulla sample of the 11-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared to age-matched normotensive Wistar rats, using iTRAQ technology coupled with nano two-dimentional liquid chromatography followed by high resolution mass spectrometric abundance indexes techniques. Many differentially expressed proteins identified were involved in energy metabolism, such as mitochondrial part, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and respiratory chain. These proteins were included in citrate cycle (TCA cycle), pyruvate metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. The proteomic analysis and subsequent Western blotting on two independent cohorts of animials indicated that the dysregulation of energy metabolism existed in the medulla of the SHR rats. The differentially expressed proteins in the dysregulation of energy metabolism in the medulla of SHR rats included down-regulated ATP6V1D, ATP6VOA1, ATP5L, DLD proteins and up-regulated AK1 protein. MAO-A protein also exhibited decreased regulation, as well as the other 3 above-mentioned energy-relative proteins (ATP6V1D, ATP5L and DLD proteins) belonging to the heterocycle metabolic process. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis on 4 of the differentially expressed proteins respectively resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.95, 0.90, 0.92, and 0.81 for differentiating the SHR rats from the normotensive rats. This dysfunction in energy metabolism localizes to the medulla, the lower part of brain stem, and is, therefore, likely to contribute to the development, as well as to pathophysiological complications of hypertension

Baseline data.

<p>The P values with “*”were obtained using Fisher’s Exact Test, whereas the rest were the result of independent samples t-test.</p

Consort flow diagram.

<p>Consort flow diagram.</p

Localization of the acupuncture specific effects by comparing TE5 verum acupuncture (Group A) vs. TE5 sham acupuncture (Group B) and TE5 verum acupuncture (Group A) vs. nonacupoint acupuncture (Group C).

<p>Abbreviation: BA, Brodmann area; Vox, voxel (represents the number of voxels); N/A, not available (means that the peak voxel was out of the BA zone). The BA area marked by “*”was corrected by a neurological physician.</p

Additional file 3: of Psychosocial interventions for Alzheimer’s disease cognitive symptoms: a Bayesian network meta-analysis

Risk of Bias Summary. (DOCX 25 kb

Additional file 2: of Psychosocial interventions for Alzheimer’s disease cognitive symptoms: a Bayesian network meta-analysis

Risk of Bias Graph. (DOCX 31 kb

Stimulation and scanning pattern.

<p>Stimulation and scanning pattern.</p