The effect of oxygen levels on cytosolic free NAD/NADH ratios in Hela cells.

<p>Hela cells were incubated in complete RPMI-1640 medium containing 12 mM glucose supplemented with 20 mM lactate under oxygen levels between 21% to 1%. After 24-hour incubation, glucose consumption and lactate generation by Hela cells, cell growth, and intracellular lactate and pyruvate were measured. (A) Cell proliferation; (B) Glucose consumption; (C) Lactate generation; (D) L/G ratio; (E) Intracellular pyruvate; (F) Intracellular lactate; (G) Intracellular L/P ratio; (H) Cytosolic free NAD/NADH ratio estimated from the corresponding L/P ratio (see description in text). Data are mean±SD. Data were confirmed by 2 independent experiments.</p

The effect of extracellular lactate concentration on intracellular lactate concentration and intracellular L/P ratio in Bcap-37 cells.

<p>Bcap-37 cells were incubated in complete RPMI-1640 medium containing 12 mM glucose supplemented with 20 mM lactate. At the indicated time point, intracellular lactate and pyruvate were measured. (A) Intracellular lactate; (B) Intracellular pyruvate; (C) Intracellular L/P ratio. Data are mean ± SD. Data were confirmed by 2 independent experiments.</p

Experimental and Theoretical Density Functional Theory Approaches for Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene from Diesel Fuel with Imidazole-Based Heteropolyacid Catalysts

Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) has been proved to be an efficient strategy for the removal of aromatic sulfur compounds from diesel oils, which are one of the main sources of air pollution. Heteropolyacid catalysts are highly active species for ODS, but the promotion of their catalytic activity and clarification of their catalytic mechanism remain an important issue. Herein, a series of novel imidazole-based heteropolyacid catalysts are prepared by a one-pot method for multiphase deep ODS of fuel with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. The experimental results show that the desulfurization performance of the prepared imidazole-based heteropolyacid catalysts is high up to 99.9% under mild conditions. The catalyst also possesses excellent recovery performance, and the desulfurization activity remains at 97.7% after being recycled seven times. Furthermore, density functional theory calculation is first employed to clarify the origin of the high desulfurization activity, and the results show that with the imidazole-based heteropolyacid (HPW-VIM) as the catalyst, the energy barrier is much lower than that with phosphotungstic acid (HPW) as the catalyst

The effect of oxygen levels on intracellular concentration of lactate and pyruvate in Hela cells.

<p>Hela cells were incubated in complete RPMI-1640 medium containing 12 mM glucose. After 24-hour incubation, glucose consumption and lactate generation by Hela cells, cell growth, and intracellular lactate and pyruvate were measured. (A) Cell proliferation; (B) Glucose consumption; (C) Lactate generation; (D) L/G ratio; (E) Intracellular pyruvate; (F) Intracellular lactate; (G) Intracellular L/P ratio; (H) Cytosolic free NAD/NADH ratio erroneously estimated from the corresponding L/P ratio. Data are mean±SD. Data were confirmed by 2 independent experiments.</p

Intracellular lactate concentration and L/P ratio are highly labile in Bcap-37 cells.

<p>Bcap-37 cells were incubated in complete RPMI-1640 medium containing 12 mM glucose and supplemented with 6 mM glucose every 24 hours. At the indicated time point, intracellular lactate and pyruvate, glucose consumption and lactate generation by Bcap-37 cells, and cell growth were monitored. (A) Intracellular lactate; (B) Intracellular pyruvate; (C) Intracellular L/P ratio; (D) Cytosolic free NAD/NADH ratio erroneously estimated from the corresponding L/P ratio; (E) Cell proliferation curves; (F) Glucose consumption; (G) Lactate generation; (H) L/G ratio (the generated lactate divided by the consumed glucose between 2 time points). Data are mean±SD. Data were confirmed by 2 independent experiments.</p

Cytosolic free NAD/NADH ratio estimated at the conversion at equilibrium in Bcap-37 cells.

<p>Bcap-37 cells were incubated in complete RPMI-1640 medium containing 12 mM glucose supplemented with or without lactate (x axis). After 24-hour incubation, glucose consumption and lactate generation by Bcap-37 cells, cell growth, and intracellular lactate and pyruvate were measured. (A) Cell proliferation; (B) Glucose consumption; (C) Lactate generation; (D) L/G ratio; (E) Intracellular pyruvate; (F) Intracellular lactate; (G) Intracellular L/P ratio; (H) Cytosolic free NAD/NADH ratio estimated from the corresponding L/P ratio(see corresponding text). Data are mean±SD. Data were confirmed by 3 independent experiments.</p

Characteristics of female subjects grouped by ACE and A3B genotypes.

a<p>belong to categorical variables.</p>b<p>Analysis of covariance can not be employed because the data can't be transformed to normality.</p><p>Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; γ–GT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase.</p

A3B and ACE genotype/allele distributions in the study population.

<p>A3B and ACE genotype/allele distributions in the study population.</p

Variation curves of ACE insertion and A3B deletion distributions among different geographic regions.

<p>‘C/S Asia’ corresponds to Central South Asia. America refers to Amerindians; Oceania refers to Oceania aboriginals.</p

DataSheet_1_Integrated multi-locus genome-wide association studies and transcriptome analysis for seed yield and yield-related traits in Brassica napus.pdf

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), the third largest oil crop, is an important source of vegetable oil and biofuel for the world. Although the breeding and yield has been improved, rapeseed still has the lowest yield compared with other major crops. Thus, increasing rapeseed yield is essential for the high demand of vegetable oil and high-quality protein for live stocks. Silique number per plant (SN), seed per pod (SP), and 1000-seed weight (SW) are the three important factors for seed yield in rapeseed. Some yield-related traits, including plant height (PH), flowering time (FT), primary branch number (BN) and silique number per inflorescence (SI) also affect the yield per plant (YP). Using six multi-locus genome-wide association study (ML-GWAS) approaches, a total of 908 yield-related quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were identified in a panel consisting of 403 rapeseed core accessions based on whole-genome sequencing. Integration of ML-GWAS with transcriptome analysis, 79 candidate genes, including BnaA09g39790D (RNA helicase), BnaA09g39950D (Lipase) and BnaC09g25980D (SWEET7), were further identified and twelve genes were validated by qRT-PCRs to affect the SW or SP in rapeseed. The distribution of superior alleles from nineteen stable QTNs in 20 elite rapeseed accessions suggested that the high-yielding accessions contained more superior alleles. These results would contribute to a further understanding of the genetic basis of yield-related traits and could be used for crop improvement in B. napus.</p