DataSheet1_Neuropsychiatric disorders in chronic hepatitis C patients after receiving interferon or direct-acting antivirals: a nationwide cohort study.docx

Background: Data on the neuropsychological outcomes after receiving direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients have not been well-documented.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the difference in incidence of neuropsychological disorders (NPDs) after treatment completion between CHC patients receiving interferon (IFN) therapy and DAA therapy.Methods: A nationwide retrospective cohort study was performed using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) between 2010 and 2018. CHC patients without pre-existing mental disorders were included and divided into the treatment (Tx)-naïve DAA group, retreatment (re-Tx) DAA group, and Tx-naïve IFN group based on their HCV therapy. Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline differences between groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of NPDs during 6 months after completion of therapy.Results: After one-to-one matching, there were 6,461 pairs of patients selected from the Tx-naïve DAA group and Tx-naïve IFN group and 3,792 pairs from the re-Tx DAA group and Tx-naïve IFN group. A lower incidence of NPDs was observed in the Tx-naïve DAA group than in the Tx-naïve IFN group (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55–0.94, and p = 0.017). The risk of NPDs did not differ between the re-Tx DAA group and the Tx-naïve IFN group (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.52–1.05, and p = 0.092).Conclusion: DAA therapy was associated with lower risk of NPDs when compared with IFN therapy among Tx-naïve CHC patients in a 6-month period after treatment completion, especially among the patients less than 65 years, male gender, and cirrhosis.</p

Changes in anthropometric measurements and insulin sensitivity in response to 8-weeks detraining.

<p>(A) The changes of body weight and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), (B) body composition, (C) fasting blood glucose and insulin concentrations, and (D) HOMA-IR insulin resistance index were measured during competitive preparation season with intensified TKD training and after an 8-week cessation of TKD training. TKD-RT: regular Taekwondo-specific training. 8W-DT: cessation of TKD training for 8 weeks. Values are expressed as <i>Mean ± S</i>.<i>E</i>.<i>M</i>. * Significant difference between TKD-RT and 8-week DT (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p

Changes in hematological parameters and systemic inflammation biomarkers.

<p>(A) The changes in total white blood cell count and leukocytes subpopulations (neutrophils and lymphocytes) and (B) systemic inflammation marker neutrophils-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were measured during the competitive preparation season with intensified TKD training and after an 8-week cessation of TKD training. TKD-RT: regular Taekwondo-specific training. 8W-DT: cessation of TKD training for 8 weeks. Values are expressed as <i>Mean ± S</i>.<i>E</i>.<i>M</i>. * Significant difference between TKD-RT and 8-week DT (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p

Changes in physical activity status, aerobic capacity and anabolic/catabolic hormonal concentrations in response to 8-weeks detraining.

<p>(A) The changes in physical activity levels, (B) exhanustive shuttle running distance and maximal oxygen consumption, (C) serum DHEA-S and cortisol concentrations, and (D) DHEA-S-to-cortisol ratio (D/C ratio) and insulin-to-cortisol ratio (I/C ratio) were measured during competitive preparation season with intensified TKD training and after an 8-week cessation of TKD training. TKD-RT: regular Taekwondo-specific training. 8W-DT: cessation of TKD training for 8 weeks. Values are expressed as <i>Mean ± S</i>.<i>E</i>.<i>M</i>. * Significant difference between TKD-RT and 8-week DT (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p

Time line of experimental design.

<p>Time line of experimental design.</p

Initial systemic inflammatory state perturbs exercise training adaptations in elite Taekwondo athletes - Fig 1

<p><b>Changes in VO</b>_<b>2</b><b>max (A) and shuttle run distance (B) between Low and High NLR groups at Pre and Post-exercise training.</b> Values are expressed as mean ± SD. *Significant difference between Low and High NLR groups (<i>p</i> < .05). # Significant difference between Pre and Post (<i>p</i> < .05).</p