MOESM1 of Snail promotes metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma partly by down-regulating TEL2

Additional file 1. Additional figures and table

Giant-Amplitude, High-Work Density Microactuators with Phase Transition Activated Nanolayer Bimorphs

Various mechanisms are currently exploited to transduce a wide range of stimulating sources into mechanical motion. At the microscale, simultaneously high amplitude, high work output, and high speed in actuation are hindered by limitations of these actuation mechanisms. Here we demonstrate a set of microactuators fabricated by a simple microfabrication process, showing simultaneously high performance by these metrics, operated on the structural phase transition in vanadium dioxide responding to diverse stimuli of heat, electric current, and light. In both ambient and aqueous conditions, the actuators bend with exceedingly high displacement-to-length ratios up to 1 in the sub-100 μm length scale, work densities over 0.63 J/cm³, and at frequencies up to 6 kHz. The functionalities of actuation can be further enriched with integrated designs of planar as well as three-dimensional geometries. Combining the superior performance, high durability, diversity in responsive stimuli, versatile working environments, and microscale manufacturability, these actuators offer potential applications in microelectromechanical systems, microfluidics, robotics, drug delivery, and artificial muscles

Giant-Amplitude, High-Work Density Microactuators with Phase Transition Activated Nanolayer Bimorphs

Various mechanisms are currently exploited to transduce a wide range of stimulating sources into mechanical motion. At the microscale, simultaneously high amplitude, high work output, and high speed in actuation are hindered by limitations of these actuation mechanisms. Here we demonstrate a set of microactuators fabricated by a simple microfabrication process, showing simultaneously high performance by these metrics, operated on the structural phase transition in vanadium dioxide responding to diverse stimuli of heat, electric current, and light. In both ambient and aqueous conditions, the actuators bend with exceedingly high displacement-to-length ratios up to 1 in the sub-100 μm length scale, work densities over 0.63 J/cm³, and at frequencies up to 6 kHz. The functionalities of actuation can be further enriched with integrated designs of planar as well as three-dimensional geometries. Combining the superior performance, high durability, diversity in responsive stimuli, versatile working environments, and microscale manufacturability, these actuators offer potential applications in microelectromechanical systems, microfluidics, robotics, drug delivery, and artificial muscles

Giant-Amplitude, High-Work Density Microactuators with Phase Transition Activated Nanolayer Bimorphs

Various mechanisms are currently exploited to transduce a wide range of stimulating sources into mechanical motion. At the microscale, simultaneously high amplitude, high work output, and high speed in actuation are hindered by limitations of these actuation mechanisms. Here we demonstrate a set of microactuators fabricated by a simple microfabrication process, showing simultaneously high performance by these metrics, operated on the structural phase transition in vanadium dioxide responding to diverse stimuli of heat, electric current, and light. In both ambient and aqueous conditions, the actuators bend with exceedingly high displacement-to-length ratios up to 1 in the sub-100 μm length scale, work densities over 0.63 J/cm³, and at frequencies up to 6 kHz. The functionalities of actuation can be further enriched with integrated designs of planar as well as three-dimensional geometries. Combining the superior performance, high durability, diversity in responsive stimuli, versatile working environments, and microscale manufacturability, these actuators offer potential applications in microelectromechanical systems, microfluidics, robotics, drug delivery, and artificial muscles

Oblique penetration of tungsten alloy rod to finite-thickness metal plate

Abstract In order to study the critical ricochet velocity and critical penetration velocity of tungsten alloy rod obliquely penetrating a finite-thickness metal plate, experiment and numerical calculation of tungsten alloy rod impacting on homogeneous armor steel plate with a thickness of 30mm at an angle of 60° were carried out. Compared the experimental and numerical results with the results using models, it is found that, the results of the ricochet models proposed by Tate, Rosenberg and Steven B for semi-infinite thick plate are quite different from those of experiment and numerical calculation, so they can not be applied to the ricochet situation of finite-thickness plate. The critical penetration velocity model proposed by De Marre and Zhao are in good agreement with the numerical and experimental results, which can predict critical penetration velocity of tungsten alloy rod obliquely penetrating a finite-thickness metal plate with large impact angle. The penetration depth of the projectile under the critical ricochet velocity is about 1/3 of the thickness of the target plate, and the angle between the ejection trajectory of the fragments produced by projectile and target plate and projectile penetration trajectory is exactly 90° in the first penetration stage.</div

Giant-Amplitude, High-Work Density Microactuators with Phase Transition Activated Nanolayer Bimorphs

Various mechanisms are currently exploited to transduce a wide range of stimulating sources into mechanical motion. At the microscale, simultaneously high amplitude, high work output, and high speed in actuation are hindered by limitations of these actuation mechanisms. Here we demonstrate a set of microactuators fabricated by a simple microfabrication process, showing simultaneously high performance by these metrics, operated on the structural phase transition in vanadium dioxide responding to diverse stimuli of heat, electric current, and light. In both ambient and aqueous conditions, the actuators bend with exceedingly high displacement-to-length ratios up to 1 in the sub-100 μm length scale, work densities over 0.63 J/cm³, and at frequencies up to 6 kHz. The functionalities of actuation can be further enriched with integrated designs of planar as well as three-dimensional geometries. Combining the superior performance, high durability, diversity in responsive stimuli, versatile working environments, and microscale manufacturability, these actuators offer potential applications in microelectromechanical systems, microfluidics, robotics, drug delivery, and artificial muscles

sj-docx-1-jbf-10.1177_22808000211073729 – Supplemental material for A Tasquinomod-loaded dopamine-modified pH sensitive hydrogel is effective at inhibiting the proliferation of <i>KRAS</i> mutant lung cancer cells

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jbf-10.1177_22808000211073729 for A Tasquinomod-loaded dopamine-modified pH sensitive hydrogel is effective at inhibiting the proliferation of KRAS mutant lung cancer cells by Jun Xu, Chuxi Zhang, Chun Cheng, Jun Yang, Chenxi Li, Xia Liu and Yi Sang in Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials</p

Performance Limits of Microactuation with Vanadium Dioxide as a Solid Engine

Miniaturization of the steam engine to the microscale is hampered by severe technical challenges. Microscale mechanical motion is typically actuated with other mechanisms ranging from electrostatic interaction, thermal expansion, and piezoelectricity to more exotic types including shape memory, electrochemical reaction, and thermal responsivity of polymers. These mechanisms typically offer either large-amplitude or high-speed actuation, but not both. In this work we demonstrate the working principle of a microscale solid engine (μSE) based on the phase transition of VO₂ at 68 °C with large transformation strain (up to 2%), analogous to the steam engine invoking large volume change in a liquid–vapor phase transition. Compared to polycrystal thin films, single-crystal VO₂ nanobeam-based bimorphs deliver higher performance of actuation both with high amplitude (greater than bimorph length) and at high speed (greater than 4 kHz in air and greater than 60 Hz in water). The energy efficiency of the devices is calculated to be equivalent to thermoelectrics with figure of merit <i>ZT</i> = 2 at the working temperatures, and much higher than other bimorph actuators. The bimorph μSE can be easily scaled down to the nanoscale, and operates with high stability in near-room-temperature, ambient, or aqueous conditions. On the basis of the μSE, we demonstrate a macroscopic smart composite of VO₂ bimorphs embedded in a polymer, producing high-amplitude actuation at the millimeter scale

Performance Limits of Microactuation with Vanadium Dioxide as a Solid Engine

Miniaturization of the steam engine to the microscale is hampered by severe technical challenges. Microscale mechanical motion is typically actuated with other mechanisms ranging from electrostatic interaction, thermal expansion, and piezoelectricity to more exotic types including shape memory, electrochemical reaction, and thermal responsivity of polymers. These mechanisms typically offer either large-amplitude or high-speed actuation, but not both. In this work we demonstrate the working principle of a microscale solid engine (μSE) based on the phase transition of VO₂ at 68 °C with large transformation strain (up to 2%), analogous to the steam engine invoking large volume change in a liquid–vapor phase transition. Compared to polycrystal thin films, single-crystal VO₂ nanobeam-based bimorphs deliver higher performance of actuation both with high amplitude (greater than bimorph length) and at high speed (greater than 4 kHz in air and greater than 60 Hz in water). The energy efficiency of the devices is calculated to be equivalent to thermoelectrics with figure of merit <i>ZT</i> = 2 at the working temperatures, and much higher than other bimorph actuators. The bimorph μSE can be easily scaled down to the nanoscale, and operates with high stability in near-room-temperature, ambient, or aqueous conditions. On the basis of the μSE, we demonstrate a macroscopic smart composite of VO₂ bimorphs embedded in a polymer, producing high-amplitude actuation at the millimeter scale

Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared in Ambient Air Based on Surface-Modified Perovskite Layer

Among many photovoltaic conversion technologies, perovskite solar cells have received significant research interests as effective photovoltaic materials owing to their high solar conversion efficiencies and low cost. However, the performance of perovskite solar cells is limited by the instability of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ to water and ambient moisture. To address this issue, in this study, we introduced a new fundamental approach that utilizes 4-<i>tert</i>-butylpyridine (tBP) as the surface modification agent to enhance the performance and stability of CH₃NH₃PbI₃-based perovskite solar cells fabricated in ambient air. The tertiary butyl group in tBP is highly hydrophobic, leading to the formation a hydrophobic layer on the surface of CH₃NH₃PbI₃, thus increasing the moisture stability of perovskite solar cells. With this strategy, the performance of perovskite solar cells prepared at even >50% RH in ambient air was tremendously enhanced by as much as 200% compared to that without tBP additive. Besides, the stability of perovskite solar cells in ambient air was also markedly improved