15 research outputs found
CLSM projections of monospecies communities of <i>F.alocis</i> strains ATCC 35896 and D-62D (green, stained with FITC), <i>S. gordonii</i> DL-1, <i>F. nucleatum</i> ATCC25586, <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> 652, or <i>P. gingivalis</i> ATCC33277 (red, stained with hexidium iodide) after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h.
<p>CLSM projections of monospecies communities of <i>F.alocis</i> strains ATCC 35896 and D-62D (green, stained with FITC), <i>S. gordonii</i> DL-1, <i>F. nucleatum</i> ATCC25586, <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> 652, or <i>P. gingivalis</i> ATCC33277 (red, stained with hexidium iodide) after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h.</p
Dual-species community formation between <i>F. alocis</i> and <i>P. gingivalis</i> analyzed by CLSM.
<p>A. <i>P. gingivalis</i> ATCC 33277 (red, stained with hexidium iodide) was cultured on glass coverslips. <i>F. alocis</i> strains ATCC 35896 (upper left panel) and D-62D (upper right panel) were stained with FITC (green) and reacted with <i>P. gingivalis</i> for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. B. Time-resolved changes in the biovolume of <i>P. gingivalis</i> ATCC 33277, <i>F. alocis</i> ATCC 35896 and D-62D in dual species communities. Data are representative of four independent replicates. P-value compared with control single species communities was calculated by t-test, and significant differences are at p<0.05 (*) or p<0.01(**).</p
Dual-species community formation between <i>F. alocis</i> and <i>F. nucleatum</i> analyzed by CLSM.
<p>A. <i>F. nucleatum</i> ATCC 25586 (red, stained with hexidium iodide) was cultured on glass coverslips. <i>F. alocis</i> strains ATCC 35896 (upper left panel) and D-62D (upper right panel) were stained with FITC (green) and reacted with <i>F. nucleatum</i> for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. B. Time-resolved changes in the biovolume of <i>F. nucleatum</i> ATCC 25586, <i>F. alocis</i> ATCC 35896 and D-62D in dual species communities. Data are representative of four independent replicates. P-value compared with control single species communities was calculated by t-test, and significant differences are at p<0.05 (*) or p<0.01(**).</p
Role of <i>P. gingivalis</i> LuxS in dual-species community formation with <i>F. alocis</i>.
<p>A. <i>P. gingivalis</i> ATCC 33277 (WT), and Δ<i>luxS</i> (1 × 10<sup>8</sup>, blue, stained with DAPI) were cultured on glass coverslips. <i>F. alocis</i> strains ATCC 35896 and D-62D were stained with FITC (green) and reacted with the <i>P. gingivalis</i> strains for 72 h. B. Biovolume of <i>P. gingivalis</i> or <i>F. alocis</i> in dual species communities at 72 h. Data are representative of four independent replicates. P-value compared with control single species communities was calculated by t-test, and significant differences are p<0.01(**). C. Accumulation of <i>F. alocis</i> ATCC 35896 stained with FITC (green) and cultured in TSB, conditioned medium (CM) from <i>P. gingivalis</i> WT, CM from <i>P. gingivalis</i> Δ<i>luxS</i>, or CM from <i>P. gingivalis</i> Δ<i>luxS</i> with 4 μM DPD. D. Biovolume of <i>F. alocis</i> ATCC 35896 cultured in TSB, conditioned medium (CM) from <i>P. gingivalis</i> WT, CM from <i>P. gingivalis</i> Δ<i>luxS</i>, or CM from <i>P. gingivalis</i> Δ<i>luxS</i> with 4 μM DPD. Data are representative of four independent replicates. P-value compared with control single species communities was calculated by t-test, and significant differences are at p<0.05 (*) or p<0.01(**).</p
Three-species community formation with <i>F. alocis</i>, <i>S. gordonii</i> and <i>F. nucleatum</i> analyzed by CLSM.
<p>A. <i>S. gordonii</i> DL1 (red, stained with hexidium iodide), <i>F. nucleatum</i> (blue, stained with DAPI) were co-cultured on glass coverslips. <i>F. alocis</i> strains ATCC 35896 and D-62D were stained with FITC (green) and reacted with <i>S. gordonii and F. nucleatum</i> for 72 h. B. Biovolume of <i>F. alocis</i> ATCC 35896 and D-62D, <i>S. gordonii</i> DL1 and <i>F. nucleatum</i> ATCC 25586 in three species communities. Data are representative of four independent replicates. P-value compared with control single species communities was calculated by t-test, and significant differences are p<0.01(**).</p
Colocalization of <i>F. alocis</i> with partner species in heterotypic communities.
<p>Pearson’s correlation was determined using Volocity software. Data are representative of four independent replicates.</p
Dual-species community formation between <i>F. alocis</i> and <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> analyzed by CLSM.
<p>A. <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> 652 (red, stained with hexidium iodide) was cultured on glass coverslips. <i>F. alocis</i> strains ATCC 35896 (upper left panel) and D-62D (upper right panel) were stained with FITC (green) and reacted with <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. B. Time-resolved changes in the biovolume of <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> 652, <i>F. alocis</i> ATCC 35896 and D-62D in dual species communities. Data are representative of four independent replicates. P-value compared with control single species communities was calculated by t-test, and significant differences are at p<0.01(**).</p
Dual-species community formation between <i>F. alocis</i> and <i>S. gordonii</i> analyzed by CLSM.
<p>A. <i>S. gordonii</i> DL-1 (red, stained with hexidium iodide) was cultured on a saliva-coated coverglass. <i>F. alocis</i> strains ATCC 35896 (upper left panel) and D-62D (upper right panel) were stained with FITC (green) and reacted with <i>S. gordonii</i> for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. B. Time-resolved changes in the biovolume of <i>S. gordonii</i> DL-1, <i>F.alocis</i> ATCC 35896 and D-62D in dual species communities. Data are representative of four independent replicates. P-value compared with control single species communities was calculated by t-test, and significant differences are at p<0.001(**).</p
Monodisperse Au Nanoparticles for Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO
We
report selective electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide
to carbon monoxide on gold nanoparticles (NPs) in 0.5 M KHCO<sub>3</sub> at 25 °C. Among monodisperse 4, 6, 8, and 10 nm NPs tested,
the 8 nm Au NPs show the maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) (up to 90%
at −0.67 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE). Density
functional theory calculations suggest that more edge sites (active
for CO evolution) than corner sites (active for the competitive H<sub>2</sub> evolution reaction) on the Au NP surface facilitates the
stabilization of the reduction intermediates, such as COOH*, and the
formation of CO. This mechanism is further supported by the fact that
Au NPs embedded in a matrix of butyl-3-methylÂimidÂazolium
hexafluorophosphate for more efficient COOH* stabilization exhibit
even higher reaction activity (3 A/g mass activity) and selectivity
(97% FE) at −0.52 V (vs RHE). The work demonstrates the great
potentials of using monodisperse Au NPs to optimize the available
reaction intermediate binding sites for efficient and selective electrocatalytic
reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO
Numbers of bacteria (cfu) killed by macrophages (J774.2 cell line) following 1 h co-incubation with <i>S. pyogenes</i> MGAS6180 or MGAS10270 wild type and <i>aspA</i> mutants (input 5×10<sup>3</sup> cfu, 5×10<sup>4</sup> macrophages).
<p>Percentage killing was calculated from cfu remaining compared with control samples without macrophages. Data are means ± SEM of 3 experiments repeated in triplicate. * = <i>P</i><0.001 using 2 tail student T-test.</p