THE INFLUENCE OF TRADITIONAL MAIDS’ JAVANESE TO CHILDREN’S LANGUAGE

Children’s language is heavily influenced by several factors. One of them is the children’s interaction with people around them. Traditional maids are among those people. As the children spend their active time together with their maids, their language is then influenced by their maids’ language. The Javanese spoken by these maid is of different variation of the Javanese spoken by most residence of Kenteng, which is the standard Javanese in Wonosobo. The children in this case study speak Bahasa Indonesia as their first language. However, their language is not pure and straightforward Bahasa Indonesia, i.e. the official form of Bahasa Indonesia. Their language is apparently a mix of Bahasa Indonesia and Javanese. The Javanese they speak is somehow different from the standard Wonosobo Javanese in several terms. There are terms spoken only in certain areas of Wonosobo, such as the areas from which their maids live. There are differences in the vocabularies, sounds, and speaking intonation. Apparently, the Javanese the children speak is influenced by that of their maids. This study aims to describe the forms of those children’s language by comparing them to the standard Javanese. It will be related to language and social context theory

Letter from the Editor

Welcome to the summer issue of the ICCTE Journal. Recently, your ICCTE Leadership Council met at Azusa Pacific University in preparation for the 2012 Biennial Conference. While there, we contemplated what it meant to implement ’emphatic listening’, as expressed in the book Messengers of God: The sensuous side of spirituality by Arthur Roberts as an act of worship to God and out of respect to each other. In this beneficial devotional within community, we were able to fellowship, plan, eat and laugh as a team who would return with something to share with you all. I invite you to send your manuscripts, and I (and our reviewers) will listen emphatically to your words

Book Review: Smith, J.K.A.: Desiring the Kingdom: Worship, Worldview, and Cultural Formation

What if education was not first and foremost about what we know, but about what we love? (Smith, 2009, p.18) This is one of the driving questions that frames Smith’s book; a question worthy of educational reflection. Smith organizes his argument around the ideas of the dichotomy between thinking and doing; work and worship [liturgy]. His argument is that worldview must not be merely cognitive and intellectual, but must include a robust ‘social imaginary’ (flowing from the work of Charles Taylor) that is grounded in the practices of Christian worship. So far so good

Building Capacities for Tourism Development and Poverty Reduction1

This paper advocates the application of building capacities for tourism development and poverty reduction in the locales of Elmina and Cape Coast in the Sub-Saharan country of Ghana in Africa. The two towns are home to three World Heritage Sites: the Elmina Castle or St George’s Castle and Fort St Jago (Elmina), and Cape Coast Castle (Cape Coast). Tourism was introduced in 1989 by the Ghanaian government with the assistance of donor agencies in an effort to bring economic and cultural sustainability to the area. Research up to now has indicated that tourism can be used as a tool of development, and poverty reduction, in developing countries, however, the social and economic benefits in the towns of Elmina and Cape Coast, are distributed unequally. It could be argued that one of the reasons is the emphasis placed on higher gross returns in foreign exchange earnings, or greater visitor numbers with little attention to maximizing net benefits to the poor communities, and without a clear strategy of how tourism growth, will contribute to poverty reduction

A Letter from Our New Associate Editor

Christina Belcher is an Associate Professor in the School of Education at Redeemer University College in Ancaster, Ontario, Canada and an adjunct of the Education Department at Trinity Western University in Langley, BC. She is passionate about children’s literature and is interested in how narratives provoke hope, reveal cultural dispositions, and shape the soul. Her broad interests and areas of writing include literacy, worldview, and interdisciplinary study. She has previously served in teacher education in Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Christina is currently a Doctoral Candidate at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia

Wood and fibre properties of fertilized Norway spruce

Very intensive forest management is relatively unexplored in Sweden, and while there is interest in pursuing e.g. the use of fertilizers on selected areas, there is concern about the quality of the wood when growth rate increases. This thesis summarises three studies on wood and fibre properties of Norway spruce grown in two nutrient optimisation experiments and one study from a Norway spruce provenance trial in Sweden. The nutrient optimisation trials were located at 57'08'N, 14'45'E and at 64'07'N, 19'27'E. Increment cores (12 mm diameter) were sampled at breast height from three different treatments and a control. The treatments were irrigation, irrigation combined with liquid fertilization and solid fertilization. Density, microfibril angle, cell wall thickness and radial and tangential cell widths were measured on the wood samples and averages per annual rings and fibre property distributions were analysed. Density, microfibril angle, and cell wall thickness were clearly affected by fertilization. Density and cell wall thickness decreased due to fertilization and microfibril angle increased. Cell widths were moderately affected. Variables describing the inherent development from the pith, such as distance or ring number from pith and ring width, an expression of temporal growth rate and an indicator of varying amounts of earlywood and latewood, were the most important factors explaining differences in fibre properties. The provenance study was situated at 57'56'N, 5'39'E. The differences in density found between provenances were lower than differences caused by fertilization. The possible impact of intense commercial fertilization of Norway spruce for utilization in the pulp and paper industry is discussed

The pleasures of learning at work : Foucault and phenomenology compared

This paper provides a comparative account of two conceptualisations of pleasure. The first draws on Foucault's analysis of bio-power. The second provides a phenomenological account where pleasure is viewed as an aspect of our immediate consciousness. These conceptualizations are illuminated through an analysis of employees’ accounts of learning at work. Overall, the paper demonstrates how, in a Foucauldian analysis, pleasure disappears as it becomes a cipher for power whereas within the phenomenological account pleasure is foregrounded but power disappears. The concluding section focuses on the problems of both conceptualizations and explores whether we should simply accept that different analytical frameworks do different work for us or whether we should be more concerned at the losses, and gains, associated with theoretical choices. The conclusion further asks whether a concern to foreground pleasure in accounts of learning represents an antidote to the pessimism of much critical analysis or whether we should treat pleasure as a morally duplicitous category that encourages political apathy