Using Big and Open Data to Analyze Transit-Oriented Development

Problem, research strategy, and findings: In this study, we investigate how to exploit big and open data (BOD) to quantitatively examine the relationships between transit-oriented development (TOD) attributes and TOD outcomes. Here, TOD attributes are measurable or perceivable attributes that TOD proponents cherish, and TOD outcomes are the targeted outcomes, such as increased ridership, associated at least partially with TOD attributes. Based on BOD from Shenzhen (China), we create indicators to measure both TOD attributes and outcomes. We explore the associations of TOD attributes, including centrality of a TOD site, travel time to the central business district, density, destination, diversity, and design, with TOD outcomes. We identify the TOD attribute that best predicts TOD outcomes such as metro ridership, frequent riders, people co-located in a station area, and ratios derived from these outcomes. We find that special neighborhoods, specific metro lines, and age of the district significantly influence TOD outcomes. Our study has a few limitations: a) the BOD we use do not directly measure TOD attributes, so proxies must be used; and b) the BOD we use contain little information about “why,” “who,” and “how,” such as why people rode transit, who they were, and how they perceived/appreciated various TOD attributes. Takeway for practice: BOD-derived variables allow planners to revalidate existing planning guidelines and principles concerning TOD and adapt them to local contexts. BOD can also be used to formulate new metrics to evaluate different TOD plans or projects in ways not achievable with traditional data alone. In short, BOD can and should be used to refine TOD analytics and design and to implement corresponding theories in pursuit of TOD.</p

Supplemental material for Connecting the city: A three-dimensional pedestrian network of Hong Kong

Supplemental Material for Connecting the city: A three-dimensional pedestrian network of Hong Kong by Guibo Sun, Chris Webster and Xiaohu Zhang in EPB: Urban Analytics and City Science</p

sj-docx-1-usj-10.1177_00420980231208560 – Supplemental material for New metro and housing price and rent premiums: A natural experiment in China

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-usj-10.1177_00420980231208560 for New metro and housing price and rent premiums: A natural experiment in China by Dongsheng He, Guibo Sun, Ling Li and Chris Webster in Urban Studies</p

Additional file 7: of Examining the interaction of fast-food outlet exposure and income on diet and obesity: evidence from 51,361 UK Biobank participants

Adjusted risk ratios (RRs) describing the associations of household income with body mass index (estimated using a multivariable linear regression model, n = 51,361), obesity (estimated using a binomial logistic regression model, n = 51,361), and frequent consumption of processed meat (estimated using a binomial logistic regression model, n = 51,090) in the Greater London UK Biobank sample. (DOCX 22 kb

Additional file 1: of Examining the interaction of fast-food outlet exposure and income on diet and obesity: evidence from 51,361 UK Biobank participants

Flow diagram for UK Biobank sample restriction, for body weight-, processed meat consumption- and percentage body fat-based analyses reported in this study. (DOCX 37 kb

Additional file 5: of Examining the interaction of fast-food outlet exposure and income on diet and obesity: evidence from 51,361 UK Biobank participants

Adjusted risk ratios (RRs) describing the associations of quartiles of fast-food outlet proportion with body mass index (estimated using a multivariable linear regression model, n = 51,361), obesity (estimated using a binomial logistic regression model n = 51,361), and frequent consumption of processed meat (estimated using a binomial logistic regression model, n = 51,090) in the Greater London UK Biobank sample. (DOCX 22 kb

Additional file 4: of Examining the interaction of fast-food outlet exposure and income on diet and obesity: evidence from 51,361 UK Biobank participants

Associations of quartiles of fast-food outlet proportion with body fat percentage (estimated using a multivariable linear regression model, n = 50,766) in the Greater London UK Biobank sample. (DOCX 20 kb

Additional file 3: of Examining the interaction of fast-food outlet exposure and income on diet and obesity: evidence from 51,361 UK Biobank participants

Characteristics of participants in the UK Biobank sample, UK (n = 51,361), overall and stratified by household income. (DOCX 24 kb

Additional file 6: of Examining the interaction of fast-food outlet exposure and income on diet and obesity: evidence from 51,361 UK Biobank participants

Associations of household income with body fat percentage (estimated using a multivariable linear regression model, n = 50,766) in the Greater London UK Biobank sample. (DOCX 20 kb

supplementary_material – Supplemental material for Effects of green space on walking: Does size, shape and density matter?

Supplemental material, supplementary_material for Effects of green space on walking: Does size, shape and density matter? by Xiaohu Zhang, Scott Melbourne, Chinmoy Sarkar, Alain Chiaradia and Chris Webster in Urban Studies</p