Influence of Gas Flow Rate on the Deposition Rate on Stainless Steel 202 Substrates

Solid thin films have been deposited on stainless steel 202 (SS 202) substrates at different flow rates of natural gas using a hot filament thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor. In the experiments, the variations of thin film deposition rate with the variation of gas flow rate have been investigated. The effects of gap between activation heater and substrate on the deposition rate have also been observed. Results show that deposition rate on SS 202 increases with the increase in gas flow rate within the observed range. It is also found that deposition rate increases with the decrease in gap between activation heater and substrate. In addition, friction coefficient and wear rate of SS 202 sliding against SS 304 under different sliding velocities are also investigated before and after deposition. The experimental results reveal that improved friction coefficient and wear rate is obtained after deposition than that of before deposition

Culture of Amblypharyngodon mola in rice fields alone and in combination with Barbodes gonionotus and Cyprinus carpio

A rice-fish culture experiment with four treatments viz., T 1 with Amblyphmyngadan mala alone, T 2 with A. mala and Barbodes gonionotus, T3 with A. mala and Cyprinis carpio and T4 as control (without fish) was carried out in the rice fields during April through August1999. The recovery rate of A. mala were 42%, 37% and 42% in treatments 1, 2 and 3 respectively and the same recorded for B. gonionotus and C. cmpio were 62% and 55% respectively. Among the three species of fish, B. gonionotus showed much higher recovery rate than both of A. mala and C. carpio. The production of A. nwla was 12.50 kg/ha/3 months in monoculture, and 7.92 kglha/3 months and 8.86 kglha/3 months in combination with B. gonionotus and C. carpio, respectively. The production of B. gonionotus in T2 was 169.29 kg/ha/3 months and C. cmpio in T 3 was 252.92 kg/ha/3 months. The total fish production was 12.50 kg/ha/3 months, 175.21 kg/ha/3 months and 261.88 kg/ha/3 months in Tp T2 and T3, respectively. The highest yields of rice grain (5.78 ton/ha) and straw (7.83 ton/ha) were recorded in T3 and the lowest of the same was in T4 (grain 4.96 ton/ha and straw 6.62 ton/ha). Rice yield increased by about 12.10% in T1, 13.30% in T2 and 16.33% in T3 in context to T4, rice-alone culture. The results demonstrated that the culture of fish in rice fields had profound beneficial impact on the production of rice grain and straw

Participatory Videos: A New Media for Promoting Organic Farming in Northern Bangladesh

Significance of agricultural extension to eliminate poverty, vulnerability, hunger and pollution is well-established in the perspective of developing countries. However, extension services in Bangladesh missed the opportunity to reduce poverty and pollution in a cost-effective way. This is due to lack of innovative ways to support farmer-to-farmer learning process. This paper presents the thoughts, empirical evidences and vision about approaches of video-mediated learning to enhance household food security and reducing pollution caused by agro-chemicals used in the field of agriculture. Following a model of participatory video (PV) supported women farmers’ capacity building process for preparation and use of botanical pesticide and vermin-compost in organic vegetables production. Findings of the study showed that PV has unexploited potentials to promote farmers’ innovation and adoption of organic farming by the farmers in the study area

Investigation of lateral load resistance of laterally loaded pile in sandy soil

Investigation of the lateral load resistance of pile is made by laboratory model test on single and group piles. The experiments are carried out with varying size, spacing of piles in group and length to diameter ratio (L/d) of the piles. Lateral resistance of pile is a function of shape, size, spacing and length to diameter ratio (L/d) of the pile. In this study, model pile is single pile, and group piles having configurations are of (2x1, 2x2) which satisfy the Meyerhof’s relative stiffness limit of pile for flexible pile. For model pile embedded length to diameter ratio (L/d) are 20, 30, 35 and spacing are S = 3d, 4.5d, 6d. These experiments are conducted in the sand available at North-South region (Rajshahi) in Bangladesh. Lateral loads are applied in the single and pile groups by a lateral load setup arrangement. Due to the lateral load the pile are deflected. The load-displacement responses, ultimate resistance, group efficiency of piles with different spacing and number of piles in group have been qualitatively and quantitatively investigated in the experiment. From the load-displacement curve, ultimate lateral load resistances are obtained by double tangent method. Also some analytical methods proposed by Meyerhof, Patra & Pise used to determine the ultimate lateral load resistance of pile and pile groups. Finally, the lateral resistance of pile obtains by experiment and the ultimate lateral load resistances obtained by analytical methods are compared and trying to find out a analytical methods to determine the lateral reasonably for the sand are available at North-South (region) Rajshahi In Bangladesh

Covariate Dependent Markov Models for Analysis of Repeated Binary Outcomes

The covariate dependence in a higher order Markov models is examined. First order Markov models with covariate dependence are discussed and are generalized for higher order. A simple alternative is also proposed. The estimation procedure is discussed for higher order with a number of covariates. The proposed model takes into account the past transitions. Transitions are fitted and are tested in order to examine their influence on the most recent transitions. Applications are illustrated using maternal morbidity during pregnancy. The binary outcome at each visit during pregnancy is observed for each subject and then the covariate dependent Markov models are fitted. The results indicate that the proposed model can be employed for analyzing repeated observations conveniently

Pathogenicity of Aeromonas sobria to Thai silver barb (Barbodes gonionotus Bleeker) and its sensitivity to some antibiotic agents

Five isolates of Aeromonas sobria, collected from the diseased fish were selected for detection the pathogenicity following water-born infection method on silver barbs (Barbodes gonionotus) at the selected exposure dose 2.5x10⁸ CFU/ml which was standardized by preliminary test. In the experimental condition lesion and mortality were found in fishes. Among the isolate, Ass17 Ass19, Ass31 and Ass36 were successfully infected 20-60% fishes. Another isolate Ass20 was found non-pathogenic. Drug sensitivity test was performed by six antibiotics viz. Oxytetracycline, Oxolinic acid, Chloramphenicol, Stilphamethozazole, Streptomycin, Erythromycin. All the isolates showed variable reaction patterns to antibiotics. Most of the isolates were found sensitive to Oxytetracycline (OT), Oxolinic acid (OA) and Chloramphenicol (C) but resistance to Erythromycin and Sulphamethoxazole (SXT). Isolate Ass31 found resistant to Oxolinic acid

Phase transition and selection in a four-species cyclic Lotka-Volterra model

We study a four species ecological system with cyclic dominance whose individuals are distributed on a square lattice. Randomly chosen individuals migrate to one of the neighboring sites if it is empty or invade this site if occupied by their prey. The cyclic dominance maintains the coexistence of all the four species if the concentration of vacant sites is lower than a threshold value. Above the treshold, a symmetry breaking ordering occurs via growing domains containing only two neutral species inside. These two neutral species can protect each other from the external invaders (predators) and extend their common territory. According to our Monte Carlo simulations the observed phase transition is equivalent to those found in spreading models with two equivalent absorbing states although the present model has continuous sets of absorbing states with different portions of the two neutral species. The selection mechanism yielding symmetric phases is related to the domain growth process whith wide boundaries where the four species coexist.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Development and evaluation of fish ball from fish powder supplemented with potato flour

Fish ball was formulated with fish mince powder supplemented with potato flour along with other ingredients. Higher percentage of fish mince powder contained higher amount of protein, fat and ash but lower amount of total carbohydrate and moisture compared to that containing lower percentage of fish mince powder. The water absorption and frying time increased with the increasing percentage of fish mince powder. Fish balls prepared from the ingredients having 35% fish mince powder had the highest score in flavor rating and fish ball containing 30% fish mince powder had the highest overall acceptability. The scores on color and texture of fish balls prepared from all samples were almost same, but the scores on flavor and over all acceptability varied due to the fishy flavor because some of the panelist disliked the fishy flavor. While studying the storage period, there were no remarkable changes in case of color, flavor and texture of the prepared fish ball. No molds growth was noticed on the storage period of 90 days. So, the percentage of fish mince powder had no influence on the stability of the fish ball at room temperature

Development and evaluation of fish ball from fish powder supplemented with potato flour

Fish ball was formulated with fish mince powder supplemented with potato flour along with other ingredients. Higher percentage of fish mince powder contained higher amount of protein, fat and ash but lower amount of total carbohydrate and moisture compared to that containing lower percentage of fish mince powder. The water absorption and frying time increased with the increasing percentage of fish mince powder. Fish balls prepared from the ingredients having 35% fish mince powder had the highest score in flavor rating and fish ball containing 30% fish mince powder had the highest overall acceptability. The scores on color and texture of fish balls prepared from all samples were almost same, but the scores on flavor and over all acceptability varied due to the fishy flavor because some of the panelist disliked the fishy flavor. While studying the storage period, there were no remarkable changes in case of color, flavor and texture of the prepared fish ball. No molds growth was noticed on the storage period of 90 days. So, the percentage of fish mince powder had no influence on the stability of the fish ball at room temperature

Fiscal Policy and Forecasting Real GDP

The macroeconomic effect of changes in tax revenue and government spending influences gross domestic product in an economy. The economic growth depends on real business cycle where fiscal policy takes the central role which is managed by the government. When there is a shock in the economy, government changes policy to stabilize the economy to control interest rate otherwise there will be budget deficit which declines economic growth