Review of Australian land use mapping and land management practice

Land use information plays a vital role in effective management of natural resources in any country. The land use and land cover mapping is always a dynamic issue in every country because of the changing nature of the land use. Australia is experiencing similar traits. Knowledge of land use change patterns has important implications for sustainable development and sustainable environmental management. It helps in the management of water, soil, nutrients, plants and animals and provides relationship between land use dynamics and economics and social condition in urban and regional area. Although Australia has a long history of land use mapping and land management practice, no systematic study of the land use mapping status and land management practice can be confirmed. With the establishment of the Commonwealth Advisory Committee on the Environment in June 1972, later known as the Australian Advisory Committee on the Environment, the Australian government gave prime importance to land use and the environment. The committee recommended to the government that “Land use is fundamental to any consideration of the environment.” The committee also found an urgent need for an efficient, co-ordinated, and comprehensive system of national and state land use planning. Subsequently, many organizations and institutions like BRS, ACLUMP, CSIRO, QDERM, and DPI started on land cover/land use mapping from national to catchment level and many Land Care groups began working on land management the local level. This study reviews the status of the land use mapping and land management practices as implemented in Australi

In Vitro and Computational Analyses of Blood Flow at Aortoiliac Bifurcation for Patients with Atherosclerotic Plaque Treated with Endovascular Procedures

This research has developed an appropriate approach allowing for more accurate assessment of haemodynamic changes following implantation of endovascular stent graft to treat patients with occlusive aortoiliac disease. Two different endovascular techniques involving the use of different types of stent grafts were analysed and compared with regard to haemodynamics associated with these techniques. Results improved understanding of the flow characteristics of these endovascular techniques

Calibration and accuracy assessment of Leica ScanStation C10 terrestrial laser scanner

Requirement of high accuracy data in surveying applications has made calibration procedure a standard routine for all surveying instruments. This is due to the assumption that all observed data are impaired with errors. Thus, this routine is also applicable to terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) to make it available for surveying purposes. There are two calibration approaches: (1) component, and (2) system calibration. With the intention to specifically identify the errors and accuracy of the Leica ScanStation C10 scanner, this study investigates component calibration. Three components of calibration were performed to identify the constant, scale error, accuracy of angular measurement and the effect of angular resolution for distance measurement. The first calibration has been processed using closed least square solutions and has yielded the values of constant (1.2 mm) and scale error (1.000008879). Using variance ratio test (F-Test), angles observation (horizontal and vertical) for Leica C10 scanner and Leica TM5100A theodolite have shown significance difference. This is because the accuracy of both sensors are not similar and these differences are 0.01 and 0.0075º for horizontal and vertical measurements, respectively. Investigation on the resolution setting for Leica C10 scanner has highlighted the drawback of the tilt-and-turn target. Using the highest resolution, Leica Cyclone software only able to recognize the tilt-and-turn target up to 10 m distance compare to 200 m for the black and white target

Coordinate Systems Integration for Craniofacial Database from Multimodal Devices

This study presents a data registration method for craniofacial spatial data of different modalities. The data consists of three dimensional (3D) vector and raster data models. The data is stored in object relational database. The data capture devices are Laser scanner, CT (Computed Tomography) scan and CR (Close Range) Photogrammetry. The objective of the registration is to transform the data from various coordinate systems into a single 3-D Cartesian coordinate system. The standard error of the registration obtained from multimodal imaging devices using 3D affine transformation is in the ranged of 1-2 mm. This study is a step forward for storing the craniofacial spatial data in one reference system in database

Cephalometric measurements: comparison between analog X-Ray film and digital cephalometric image

This research is focused on the comparison of measurements between analog x-ray film and digital cephalometric image. This study is designed to determine the best measurement method between manually tracing and using computer software. Two (2) types of data from the same patient were used in this research. The data is analog x-ray film and digital cephalometric image (obtained from scanned x-ray film). A total of ten landmarks were used for comparison. All landmarks on the film and digital cephalometric image were traced using manual method (via tracing paper) and computerized method (via Rhinoceros 2.0 software) respectively. The landmarks were identified five times for each method to ensure the precision of the landmark identification. The results of landmark identification for both manual and computerize methods were compared by measurement of angle SNA, SNB, ANB and MMPA, and linear distance between Po-Or, PNS-ANS and Go-Me. This comparison gives the value of mean and standard deviation to show the best measurement method between manual and computerized approaches

A PERFORMANCE-RELATED FOOT LOADING CHARACTERS WHILE PERFORMING LUNGING STEP AMONG BADMINTON PLAYERS

The purpose of this study was to investigate the foot loading characteristics of badminton athletes and amateurs while performing the right-forward lunging step. Eight badminton male athletes and eight aged-matched college students participated the test in a stimulated badminton court. The Novel pedar insole plantar pressure measuring system was utilized to collect the right feet loading. As the results turn out, the peak pressure and force time integral of amateurs to the lateral reatfoot and lateral forefoot were obviously higher than that of badminton athletes, and athletes showed opposite plantar pressure distribution characteristics. This findings indicated the movement instability thus reducing performance of lunge, even reflect the ankle sprain risks of badminton amateurs

ANALYSIS OF PLANTAR SURFACE DATA DURING THE LOADED PHASE OF GAIT ON INCLINED SURFACES

High accuracy three-dimensional (3D) capture of the plantar surface during gait using video-based 3D image processing technique has recently been developed as part of a project to understand plantar geometry and its relationship to plantar function and shoedesign specifications. Literature review determines that the manner the plantar surface and cross-sectional changes during gait on inclined surfaces have not previously been reported. This paper outlines a 3D surface analysis method developed to examine the plantar surface geometry changes while walking on inclined walking surfaces. The plantar surface capture system has a 3D measurement accuracy of ±0.4 mm. The ICC test (using the subjects’ foot) and four operators results show that the ICC (3, 4) was 0.87 with a lower bound = 0.75 and an upper bound = 0.92