Additional file 1 of A microenvironment-responsive FePt probes for imaging-guided Fenton-enhanced radiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Dispersibility of FePt nanoprobes before and after PEGylation in different solvents. Figure S2. HRTEM of FePt nanoprobes. Lattice fringes exhibited in the inserted view is 0.22 nm (Scale bar: 2 nm). Figure S3. Elements mapping of multiple FePt particles. Figure S4. EDX analysis of FePt nanoprobes. (a) The view of SEM for EDX analysis. (b) EDX spectrum of FePt nanoprobes. Figure S5. (a) The absorbance spectrum of FePt nanoprobes. (b) Hydrodynamic size distribution of FePt nanoprobes. Figure S6. The absorbance spectrum of FePt nanoprobes in DI water (a), PBS (b), DMEM (c) and FBS (d). (e) photographs of different dispersions of FePt nanoprobes at different time points. Figure S7. (a) T2 relaxation rate of FePt nanoprobes at various concentrations. (b) PA intensities of FePt nanoprobes at various concentrations. Figure S8. Fe release of FePt nanoprobes and 0-valent Fe nanoparticles quantified by ICP-OES. Figure S9. ICP-OES analysis of released Fe incubated under different pH for 24 h. Figure S10. ICP-OES analysis of released Fe and Pt. Figure S11. EPR spectra of ·OH in FeCl2 (positive control), H2O group (negative control) and FePt groups. Figure S12. Cytotoxicity of FePt nanoprobes after the incubation with L02 and HepG2 cells for 24 h. Figure S13. Cell viabilities of HepG2 cells after X-ray irradiation (4 Gy) with different concentrations of FePt nanoprobes (*, P < 0.05. ***, P < 0.001). Figure S14. Colony formation assays after different treatments (**, P < 0.01. **, P < 0.01. *, P < 0.05). Figure S15. In vivo blood circulation by quantifying Pt concentration at different time points after intravenous injection of FePt nanoprobes. Figure S16. Serum biochemical indexes including ALT (a), AST (b), ALP (c), ALB (d) and urea (e) of the mice intravenously injected with FePt nanoprobes. Figure S17. H&E staining images of main organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney) collected from mice after intravenous administration FePt nanoprobes (scale bar is 100 μm). Figure S18. Hemolysis assays of FePt nanoprobes. Figure S19. In vivo MRI of the tumors after intravenously injection of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. (a, b) In vivo T1WI of HepG2 tumors at various timepoints (scale bar: 1 cm) (a), and the corresponding T1 SBRs of the tumor area (b). (c, d) In vivo T2WI of HepG2 tumors at various timepoints (scale bar: 1 cm) (c), and the corresponding T2 SBRs of the tumor area (d). Figure S20. Tunel immunofluorescence of tumor slices collected from various groups of mice. (Scale bar: 100 μm. Figure S21. H&E staining images of main organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney) collected from mice after intravenous administration FePt nanoprobes (scale bar is 100 μm)

Cancer Diagnosis and Imaging-Guided Photothermal Therapy Using a Dual-Modality Nanoparticle

To improve patient outcome and decrease overall health-care costs, highly sensitive and precise detection of a tumor is required for its accurate diagnosis and efficient therapy; however, this remains a challenge when using conventional single mode imaging. Here, we successfully designed a near-infrared (NIR)-response photothermal therapy (PTT) platform (Au@MSNs-ICG) for the location, diagnosis, and NIR/computer tomography (CT) bimodal imaging-guided PTT of tumor tissues, using gold (Au) nanospheres coated with indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), which would have high sensitivity and precision. The nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited good monodispersity, fluorescence stability, biocompatibility, and NIR/CT signaling and had a preferable temperature response under NIR laser irradiation in vitro or in vivo. Using a combination of NIR/CT imaging and PTT treatment, the tumor could be accurately positioned and thoroughly eradicated in vivo by Au@MSNs-ICG injection. Hence, the multifunctional NPs could play an important role in facilitating the accurate treatment of tumors in future clinical applications

Second Near-Infrared Macrophage-Biomimetic Nanoprobes for Photoacoustic Imaging of Neuroinflammation

Neuroinflammation is a significant pathological event involving the neurodegenerative process associated with many neurological disorders. Diagnosis and treatment of neuroinflammation in its early stage are essential for the prevention and management of neurological diseases. Herein, we designed macrophage membrane-coated photoacoustic (PA) probes (MSINPs), with targeting specificities based on naturally existing target–ligand interactions for the early diagnosis of neuroinflammation. The second near-infrared dye, IR1061, was doped into silica as the core and was encapsulated with a macrophage membrane. In vitro as well as in vivo, the MSINPs could target inflammatory cells via the inflammation chemotactic effect. PA imaging was used to trace the MSINPs in a neuroinflammation mouse model and showed a great targeted effect of MSINPs in the prefrontal cortex. Therefore, the biomimetic nanoprobe prepared in this study offers a new strategy for PA molecular imaging of neuroinflammation, which can enhance our understanding of the evolution of neuroinflammation in specific brain regions

Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-Functionalized Fe₃O₄@Au Nanoparticles for Coregistered Optoacoustic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Early diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is important for improving the 5-year survival rate. Multimodal imaging is of great significance for obtaining complementary information, improving the efficacy of tumor detection, and monitoring HCC recurrence. The rational development of targeted nanoprobes with excellent performance is of great significance for the accurate diagnosis of HCC and image-guided photothermal therapy (PTT). In the present study, we synthesized a hybrid nanoprobe containing epithelial cell adhesion molecule-functionalized Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles as an HCC-targeted nanoprobe, which served as a dual-modal contrast agent for optoacoustic tomography (OAT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and as a photothermal sensitizer for PTT. Using this nanoprobe, we evaluated the application of coregistered OAT–MRI for the diagnosis and therapy of HCC to resolve an image alignment problem. Body-position variation in OAT and MRI was minimized using a specially designed 3D-printed dual-modality animal imaging bed constructed from polylactic acid. The registration accuracy of OAT–MRI data was further improved by a robust image registration protocol. Dual-modality coregistered imaging was performed for the early diagnosis of HCC and monitoring of curative effects. To our knowledge, this is the first study to apply a combination of a targeted nanoprobe and coregistration of OAT–MRI for the diagnosis and management of abdominal diseases

Visualization 2.avi

SLN needle aspiration biopsy process based on the guidance of real-time photoacoustic imagin

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ICG accumulation dynamics in the SL