sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223221098114 – Supplemental material for The comparative effectiveness of antidepressants for youths with major depressive disorder: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223221098114 for The comparative effectiveness of antidepressants for youths with major depressive disorder: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan by Sheng-Yu Lee, Liang-Jen Wang, Yao-Hsu Yang and Chih-Wei Hsu in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p

First-Principles Insight into the Mechanistic Study of Electrochemical Cyanide Reduction Reaction on Post-Transition Metal Based Single-Atom Catalysts Anchored by Phthalocyanine Nanosheets

As a catalytic center, the 4N-coordinated post-transition metal (PM) confined within phthalocyanine (Pc) shows promise for the environmentally friendly synthesis of CH4 and NH3. A range of PM–Pc catalysts (where PM represents Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge, Sn, Pb, and Bi) is methodically evaluated through DFT mechanistic analysis and electrochemical exploration to determine their stability, activity, and selectivity. Our comparative analysis reveals that the orientational specificity of initial cyanide adsorption would play a crucial role in cyanide electroreduction reaction (CNRR) pathways within diverse PM–Pc nanosheets. Specifically, the NC* model typically requires higher supplies of Gibbs free energy for the CNRR, preponderantly resulting in CH3NH2. Conversely, the counterpart of the CN* model necessitates lower energetic demands, leading to a broader diversity of products including methane and ammonia. Of particular significance that the relationships of limiting potentials (UL) through two types of descriptors, ΔGNC*→HNC* and ΔGCN*→HCN*, were essential for constructing volcano plots, thus illustrating the relation within the intrinsic adsorption performance of diverse PM–Pc series and their associated prominent CNRR efficiency. From a comprehensive screening of the studied results, we have determined that the nanosheets Al–Pc, In–Pc, Ge–Pc, and Sn–Pc (triggered by the CN* model) are the exceptionally proficient electrocatalysts, specifically in producing only CH4 and NH3 via the CNRR process, as indicated by our final compiled findings. Within the range of nanosheets evaluated, the Al–Pc associated model emerges as a standout, demonstrating markedly higher selectivity and CNRR activity than its counterparts. This study advances the understanding of the unique superior characteristics of SACs, subsequently providing innovative perspectives that could directly guide their discovery for CNRR applications

PKCα expression and cell proliferation/migration/invasion inhibition by the truncated-MZF-1 (MZF-1ΔDBD) or-Elk-1 (Elk-1ΔDBD) proteins in SK-Hep-1 cells.

<p>The inhibitory effects of transfection with MZF-1ΔDBD and Elk-1ΔDBD constructs from RT-PCR (A) and Western blot analysis (B) assays. SK-Hep-1 cells were transiently transfected with FLAG vector (5 μg), c-Myc vector (5 μg), FLAG-MZF-1ΔDBD (5 μg), or c-Myc-Elk-1ΔDBD (5 μg). (C and D) Effect of MZF-1ΔDBD and Elk-1ΔDBD on cell growth. The SK-Hep-1 cell was transfected with the indicated dose of MZF-1ΔDBD and Elk-1ΔDBD for 1 and 2 d. Untreated cultures were designated as control (Control). Absorbance values obtained from untreated cells on day 0 after subculture were considered 100%. The migration (E and F) and invasion (G and H) assays were performed on cell cultures treated with 5 μg dose of FLAG vector, MZF-1ΔDBD, c-Myc vector, and Elk-1ΔDBD, as described in the Materials and Methods Section. Values are presented as means ± SE of three replicates from two independent experiments. **, P < 0.01 vs. FLAG or c-Myc vector-transfected group.</p

Suppression of tumorigenesis in MZF-1ΔDBD-transfected cells.

<p>(A) Tumor growth curve in FLAG (5 μg; ■) or MZF-1ΔDBD (5 μg;●) transfected human SK-Hep-1 xenografts (n = 5). A total of 5 × 10⁷ FLAG- or MZF-1ΔDBD-pretreated cells were injected into the flank region of nude mice. Tumor development was observed in 2 months, and the mice were then sacrificed. Cross-sectional tumor diameters were measured externally, and the approximate tumor volume was calculated as described in the Materials and Methods Section. The results represent the mean ± SE of five developed tumors in the experimental mice. **<i>P</i> < 0.01 vs. FLAG pretreated group. (B) Visible tumor (white arrow) formed by the indicated pretreated cells on day 56. The blots of the anti-FLAG indicated the presence of exogenous MZF-1-(1–72) in cells. β-actin was designed as a housekeeping gene.</p

Label-Free Dual Sensing of DNA Molecules Using GaN Nanowires

We demonstrate a rationale for using GaN nanowires (GaNNWs) in label-free DNA-sensing using dual routes of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements, employing a popular target DNA with anthrax lethal factor (LF) sequence. The in situ EIS reveals that both high surface area and surface band-bending in the nanowires, providing more binding sites and surface-enhanced charge transfer, respectively, are responsible for the enhanced sensitivity to surface-immobilized DNA molecules. The net electron-transfer resistance can be readily deconvoluted into two components because of the coexistence of two interfaces, GaN/DNA and DNA/electrolyte interfaces, in series. Interestingly, the former, decreasing with LF concentration (CLF), serves as a signature for the extent of hybridization, while the latter as a fingerprint for DNA modification. For PL-sensing, the band-edge emission of GaNNWs serves as a parameter for DNA modification, which quenches exponentially with CLF as the incident light is increasingly blocked from reaching the core nanowire by rapidly developing a UV-absorbing DNA sheath at high CLF. Furthermore, successful application for detection of “hotspot” mutations, related to the human p53 tumor-suppressor gene, revealed excellent selectivity and specificity, down to picomolar concentration, even in the current unoptimized sensor design/condition, and in the presence of mutations and noncomplementary strands, suggesting the potential pragmatic application in complex clinical samples

MZF-1 and Elk-1 form a complex at the MZF-1 and Elk-1 sites of the PKCα promoter.

<p>(A) Interaction between endogenous MZF-1 and Elk-1 proteins in SK-Hep-1 cells. Protein extracts underwent immunoprecipitation (IP) with anti-MZF-1, anti-Elk-1, or control rabbit IgG, as indicated. Proteins were resolved via SDS-PAGE and then underwent immunoblotting (IB) using anti-MZF-1 or anti-Elk-1 antibodies. (B) N-terminal domain of MZF-1 interacts with Elk-1 at the C-terminal domain of the protein. SK-Hep-1 cells were transfected with expression vectors for FLAG-MZF-1ΔDBD (5 μg) or c-Myc-Elk-1ΔDBD (5 μg), as indicated. Protein extracts underwent IP with anti-Myc and anti-FLAG, as indicated. Proteins were resolved via SDS-PAGE and underwent IB using an anti-MZF-1 or anti-Elk-1 antibody. (C) ChIP and Re-ChIP assays. In the ChIP assay (left), the chromatin was pulled down with IgG, MZF-1, and Elk-1 antibodies, whereas in the Re-ChIP assay (right), the pulled down chromatin interacted with Elk-1 and then with MZF-1 antibodies, after which the sequence was reversed. The PCR products shown are the 210 bp bands in the PAGE result. The input represents the purified chromatin for parallel PCR reaction as a positive control. (D) ChIP assay performed on SK-Hep-1 cells transfected with 5 μM sense or antisense of MZF-1 or with 5 μM sense or antisense of Elk-1. PCR was performed on purified chromatin as control (Input) and on chromatin fragments from the IP with the specific antibodies. The data represent 1 of 3 independent experiments with similar results.</p

Activation of PKCα expression by combinations of MZF-1 and Elk-1 directly binding to the promoter.

<p>(A) Transcriptional activation of PKCα promoter activity by wild-type MZF-1 and Elk-1 and DNA-binding deficient mutants MZF-1 (MZF-1ΔDBD) and Elk-1 (Elk-1ΔDBD) via luciferase assays. MZF-1 and Elk-1 synergistically enhance PKCα transcriptional activity when co-transfected to Huh-7 and HepG2 cells, whereas co-transfection of the DNA-binding domain deletion mutant of MZF-1 (MZF-1ΔDBD)/Elk-1 (Elk-1ΔDBD) failed to enhance the PKCα transcriptional activity. Luciferase activity was normalized to the level of β-galactosidase. Transcriptional activity is expressed as fold induction compared with the level obtained with each reporter vector in the presence of empty pcDNA 3.1/<i>Myc</i>-His vectors. The results are the mean ± SE of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. (B) MZF-1 and the Elk-1 binding sites regulate the PKCα promoter activity in Huh-7 cells. Cells were co-transfected with different mutant PKCα promoter luciferase constructs and vectors containing MZF-1 and Elk-1 transcription factors. Luciferase activity was normalized to the level of β-galactosidase. The results are the mean ± SE of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. **, P < 0.01 versus the cells transfected with normal PKCα promoter constructs in each group.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Association of preoperative prognostic nutritional index with risk of postoperative delirium: A systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

Study objectiveTo assess the association between prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and risk of postoperative delirium (POD) in adult patients.MethodsMEDLINE, Google scholar, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases were searched from inception till April 2022. The primary outcome was the association between PNI and the risk of POD, while the secondary outcomes were correlations of other prognostic factors with POD risk. The correlation between PNI and the incidence of POD was assessed with three approaches: Difference in preoperative PNI between POD and non-POD groups (Model 1) as well as the association of PNI as a continuous parameter (Model 2) or as a binary variable (i.e., low vs. high using a PNI cut-off value of 50) (Model 3) with POD risk.ResultsAnalysis of nine observational studies published from 2010 to 2021 recruiting 3,743 patients showed a POD incidence of 6.4–35%. Our meta-analysis demonstrated a lower PNI among patients in the POD group (MD: −3.78, 95% CI: −4.85 to −2.71, p 2 = 54.2%) compared to the non-POD group (Model 1). Pooled results revealed a negative association between PNI and POD risk for both Model 2 (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86–0.97, p = 0.002, I2 = 71%) and Model 3 (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.26–2.23, p 2 = 0%). Besides, while our results supported an age-dependent increase in POD risk, other factors including body-mass index, surgical time, health status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and male gender were non-significant predictors of POD.ConclusionOur results demonstrated a negative association between PNI and POD, which warrant further large-scale studies for validation.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022323809.</p

Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles of Benzofuran−Naphthyridine Linked Molecules: Formation and Fluorescence Enhancement in Aqueous Media

Enthynyl-linked benzofuran−naphthyridine compounds show high-yield fluorescence with solvatochromic properties. One of the compounds, ABAN, has successfully formed fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs), for which the photophysical properties such as the spectral features and intensity are remarkably different from those at the molecular level (solution) and in bulk material. The results are tentatively rationalized by the FONs inducing coplanarization of the benzofuran−naphthyridine molecule to extend its effective conjugation length and hence increase the oscillator strength

Raman spectra, in the range of 550–1800 cm^-1, of gastric adenocarcinomas.

(a) normal gastric mucosa; (b) signet ring cell adenocarcinoma; (c) mucinous adenocarcinoma; (d) tubular adenocarcinoma; (e) papillary adenocarcinoma.</p