Src-homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 promotes oral cancer invasion and metastasis

BACKGROUND: Tumor invasion and metastasis represent a major unsolved problem in cancer pathogenesis. Recent studies have indicated the involvement of Src-homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) in multiple malignancies; however, the role of SHP2 in oral cancer progression has yet to be elucidated. We propose that SHP2 is involved in the progression of oral cancer toward metastasis. METHODS: SHP2 expression was evaluated in paired oral cancer tissues by using immunohistochemical staining and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Isogenic highly invasive oral cancer cell lines from their respective low invasive parental lines were established using a Boyden chamber assay, and changes in the hallmarks of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were assessed to evaluate SHP2 function. SHP2 activity in oral cancer cells was reduced using si-RNA knockdown or enforced expression of a catalytically deficient mutant to analyze migratory and invasive ability in vitro and metastasis toward the lung in mice in vivo. RESULTS: We observed the significant upregulation of SHP2 in oral cancer tissues and cell lines. Following SHP2 knockdown, the oral cancer cells markedly attenuated migratory and invasion ability. We observed similar results in phosphatase-dead SHP2 C459S mutant expressing cells. Enhanced invasiveness was associated with significant upregulation of E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail/Twist1, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in the highly invasive clones. In addition, we determined that SHP2 activity is required for the downregulation of phosphorylated ERK1/2, which modulates the downstream effectors, Snail and Twist1 at a transcript level. In lung tissue sections of mice, we observed that HSC3 tumors with SHP2 deletion exhibited significantly reduced metastatic capacity, compared with tumors administered control si-RNA. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that SHP2 promotes the invasion and metastasis of oral cancer cells. These results provide a rationale for further investigating the effects of small-molecule SHP2 inhibitors on the progression of oral cancer, and indicate a previously unrecognized SHP2-ERK1/2-Snail/Twist1 pathway that is likely to play a crucial role in oral cancer invasion and metastasis

Investigation of intrinsic channel characteristics of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors by gated-four-probe structure

We use a new hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:Ha-Si:H) device structure, the gated-four-probe a-Si:Ha-Si:H thin-film transistor (TFT), to investigate the intrinsic channel characteristics of inverted-staggered a-Si:Ha-Si:H TFTs without the influence of source/drain series resistances. The experimental results have shown that, for the conventional a-Si:Ha-Si:H TFT structure, the field-effect mobility, threshold voltage, and field-effect channel conductance activation energy have a strong dependence on a-Si:Ha-Si:H thickness and TFT channel length. On the other hand, for the gated-four-probe a-Si:Ha-Si:H TFT structure, these values are a-Si:Ha-Si:H thickness and TFT channel length independent, clearly indicating that this new a-Si:Ha-Si:H TFT structure can be effectively used to measure the channel intrinsic properties of a-Si:Ha-Si:H TFTs. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70688/2/APPLAB-72-22-2874-1.pd

The effects of logotherapy on distress, depression, and demoralization in female cancer patients

The purpose of this presentation is to inform an audience of nurses on the findings of a study that evaluated the effects of logotherapy on distress, depression, and demoralization in breast cancer and gynecological female cancer patients

Genotoxic Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan

Colibactin is a nonribosomal peptide-polyketide synthesized by multi-enzyme complexes encoded by the pks gene cluster. Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli have been demonstrated to induce host DNA damage and promote colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In Taiwan, the occurrence of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) has been suggested to correlate with an increasing risk of CRC, and Klebsiella pneumoniae is the predominant PLA pathogen in Taiwan

Development of a suicidal recovery instrument to assess suicidal individuals\u27 recovery condition

Session presented on Saturday, July 25, 2015: Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of a suicidal recovery instrument to assess suicidal individuals\u27 recovery condition. Methods: Four professionals in this area, and 10 patients who recovered from suicide attempts screened the suicidal recovery instrument to establish content validity. A pilot study was conducted comprising patients who recovered from suicide attempts (n=84) to test the instrument for reliability. Internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability (two tests over a one-month interval) were used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Results: The average age of the participants was 40.08 +/- 10.68. The average period from suicide attempt was 19.9 +/- 9.1 months. Most of the participants were females (n=62, 73.8%), lived with family/friend/relatives (n=74, 88.1%), and families were their support system (n=65, 77.4%). More than half of the participants belonged to the Buddhist or Taoist faith (n=52, 62.6%). Half of the participants had suffered an important loss within one year (n=42, 50%) and failing health was the principal reason (n=19, 22.6%). Half of the participants had only attempted suicide once (n=42, 50%). The top means of attempted suicide was overdosing on medication (n=60, 71.4%). The most common reason for attempting suicide was depression (n=42, 50%). Almost half of the participants held a high school degree (n=35, 41.7%) with either no job (n=36, 42.9%) or full time job (n=38, 45.3%). One third of the participants were married (n=31, 36.9%) or divorced (including separated and bereaved of spouse) (n=28, 33.4%) with no children (n=29, 34.5%). The final version of the SRS contained four subcategories with 22 items: identifying the meaning of existence, adaptive ability, optimistic facing life, and attitude towards life. The result of content validity index (CVI) was 0.94 for the instrument. Cronbach\u27s alpha demonstrated a reliability of 0.91 for the instrument. The test-retest reliability for the instrument was 0.60. Conclusion: The suicidal recovery instrument tested satisfactorily for content validity and reliability. In future research, the researcher can use Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the construct validity

The practical wisdom from the transformation of the palliative nurses

Session presented on: Tuesday, July 23, 2013: Purpose: The purpose of this study is using both perspectives including \u27practical wisdom\u27and \u27face the other\u27 to understand the experiences of palliative nurses when they care for they dying patients. Methods: The methodological approach in this qualitative study is using interpretive hermeneutic approach. A purposive sample was taking from each of seven palliative nurses who worked in hospice settings including palliative care unit, and home-base hospice. Data were collected through in-depth interviews between the participants and the researcher. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Three wisdom emerged from those nurses: (1)Being aware of the harm in caring for; (2) understanding limitations in oneself; (3) tuning in to the patients. Conclusion: Each moment in dying could be a chance to transform and grow spiritually for both dying patients and nurses. Palliative care can inspire nurses to be aware of the ethical responsibility towards their patients, generate the wisdom for care-giving with compassion attitudes. These findings suggest using the concept of upractical wisdom vand uface the other v for clinical education and basic nursing education, It will enrich the nursing quality and deepen the meaning of palliative care

The factors associated with the caregivers of suicidal patients stress, attitude and ability: A path analysis

Session presented on Sunday, July 27, 2014: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of caring stress of caregiver has direct/indirect effects on suicide care ability and suicidal attitude. Methods: This is a cross-section correlational study.\u27 We recruited 164 caregivers of suicidal patients. The inclusion criteria included: primary caregiver of suicidal patient, at least 18 years old, and no obvious mental impairment. All the participants were recruited from a Suicide Prevention Center and two psychiatric hospitals. There were 3 instruments administered to the participants: the Caring Stress Scale (CSS), the Suicidal Attitudes Scale (SAS), and the Suicidal Caring Ability Scale (SCAS). Data was analyzed by using SPSS and AMOS 19.0.\u27 Bivariate analyses include correlation, t test, and analysis of variance. Path analysis is employed using structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to analyze the relationships among caregiving stress, attitude, and ability toward caring for suicidal patients. Data were collected in 2009 and 2010.\u27 Results: The average age of the participants was 43.9 years (SD =13.84). The majority of participants had religious beliefs (n=132, 80.5%), lived with suicidal patients (n=127, 77.4%). More than half of participants were female (n=101, 61.6%), married (n=89, 54.3%), working more than 20 hours per week (n=93, 56.7%). The results of bivariate analyses indicated age and suicidal attitude was negatively \u27correlated (r = -.16, P = .048), suggesting the older of caregivers, the less positive attitude toward suicidal patients. Female caregivers had higher level of stress than male caregivers (83.1 vs. 77.0, P = .02), but no difference in suicidal attitude and suicide care ability. Caring stress was treated as an exogenous variable and suicide care ability and suicidal attitude were endogenous variable. In the final model, being female caregiving status \u27increased the level of caring stress (b = .20, P = .02). Caring stress had a direct effect on suicidal attitude (b = .27, P = .01), but not on suicide care ability (b = .15, P = .11). The association between suicidal attitude and suicide care ability was significant (r = .65, P \u3c .001). Results indicated that female caregiver would have higher levels of caring stress, caring stress could prompt the attitude toward caring for suicidal patients, and positive attitude toward suicidal patients would be associated with ability to care for suicidal patients. Conclusion: Age and sex are the factors associated with caregivers\u27s attitudes toward suicidal patients. Nurses can consider these factors into nursing intervention when they are taking care of patients who attempted suicide

Managing Pain with Laser Acupuncture

According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Qi flows through the body along specific paths known as meridians. Any disturbance in Qi evokes a Ying−Yang imbalance in the body, and consequently leads to disease. Pain results from blood stasis and Qi stagnation. Laser acupuncture (LA), first introduced clinically in the 1970s, combines the advantages of traditional acupuncture and modern laser medicine and has been applied for the treatment of various diseases. Here, we investigated studies on the use of LA for pain management according to current evidence. Articles including English keywords related to the use of LA for pain, published between January 2006 and August 2015 were sourced from PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases. On the basis of these papers, we explored the modern applications, mechanisms, and analgesic effects of LA. LA integrates the positive effects of acupuncture and low-level laser therapy, and is therefore effective in activating blood and in moving Qi. LA relieves pain through both anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. No adverse effects or complications resulting from LA were reported in the literature. In the hands of an experienced physician, LA can be a useful and safe method for pain management

Automatic Video Analysis of Countermovement Jump Performance Using a Single Uncalibrated Camera

The countermovement jump (CMJ) assessment is widely employed for monitoring sports performance, traditionally relying on heavy and expensive force plates to extract performance variables like jump height and peak force. Inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based approaches and mobile applications have been developed to analyse CMJ performance with cost-effective devices, but they still require technical expertise and manual annotations during operation. We developed a new camera-based pipeline that can measure CMJ performance automatically by utilising computer vision techniques and biomechanical approaches from video captured by a single uncalibrated camera. Human segmentation and pose estimation techniques are used to understand the movement of the centre of mass and take-off and landing times. Combined with the biomechanical principles of object parabolic motion and inverse dynamics, the force–time data can be estimated for extracting CMJ performance variables. We recruited 77 elite athletes (29 females; height: 170.0 ± 9.0 cm; mass: 72.2 ± 17.7 kg) to evaluate the developed method against a commercial force platform. The developed method enables fully automatic CMJ analysis for both force–time data and performance variables from video captured by a camera without calibration. The results showed superior correlations (R > 0.7) and high reliability (%CV < 10 %) for most CMJ variables compared to the IMU-based approach. This approach automates CMJ analysis, offering more variables than existing mobile apps while reducing the technical demands of IMU-based methods. It streamlines assessment, making it ideal for large-scale cohort studies. Grounded in biomechanics, it enhances sports and health monitoring, enabling data-driven optimisation of human performance