Bessel Beam Beating-Based Spontaneous Raman Tomography Enables High-Contrast Deep Tissue Raman Measurements

We report on the development of a novel Bessel beam beating-based spontaneous Raman tomography (B3-SRT) technique for depth-resolved deep tissue Raman characterization without the need for mechanical z-scanning. The tissue Raman signal is successfully modulated longitudinally for the first time by B3-SRT for depth information encoding and retrieval of the tissue Raman signal. To accomplish B3-SRT, we conceived a unique method by designing a coaxial Bessel beam dynamic beating excitation associated with the Bessel-shaped collection scheme, such that the depth-resolved Raman information is encoded by the Bessel beam dynamic beating generated, and then the depth-encoded Raman spectra along the Bessel beam excitation region are collected simultaneously by a Bessel-shaped collection optical design. Depth-resolved Raman spectra can be rapidly retrieved using inverse fast Fourier transformation. We demonstrated the ability of B3-SRT for high contrast deep tissue Raman measurements in a highly scattering two-layer tissue phantom (e.g., fat–bone tissue model). With the use of a nondiffracting Bessel beam in turbid tissue, the B3-SRT technique provides an approximately ∼3.7-fold improvement in deep tissue Raman detection compared to confocal Raman spectroscopy. Further, with the benefit of the effective suppression of the randomly scattered photon interference enabled by the Bessel beam dynamic beating excitation and the Bessel-shaped collection, B3-SRT gives ∼1.5-fold enhancement in deep tissue Raman spectral contrast in comparison with confocal Raman spectroscopy. We anticipate that the B3-SRT technique developed has the potential to facilitate high contrast depth-resolved deep tissue Raman measurements in biomedical systems

Supplementary document for Development of a multi-needle fiberoptic Raman spectroscopy technique for simultaneous multi-site deep tissue Raman measurements in brain - 6537166.pdf

Supplemental Documen

Supplementary document for Development of coaxial DCF-GRIN fiberoptic Raman probe for enhancing in vivo epithelial tissue Raman measurements - 6113753.pdf

Supplemental Documen

Supplementary document for Development and characterization of disposable sub-millimeter fiberoptic Raman needle probe for real-time in vivo deep tissue and biofluids Raman measurements - 5420481.pdf

Supplementar

MOESM1 of C3a-C3aR signaling promotes breast cancer lung metastasis via modulating carcinoma associated fibroblasts

Additional file 1: Table S1. Listing of primers used in this study. Figure S1. Breast cancer development in C3aR deficient mice. a 4 T1 cells were orthotopically injected into WT or C3aR−/− mice. Tumor volumes of WT and C3aR−/− mice were monitored at various time points after tumor inoculation. b On day 28 post tumor challenge, the tumor size and weight of these mice were investigated. c Tumors were harvested on day 15 after 4 T1 cell inoculation and single cell suspension was prepared for flow cytometry staining. The gating strategy for living cells is shown. d Percentage of Ki67+ cells in CD45− tumor cells in WT (n = 8) and C3aR−/− (n = 7) mice detected by FACs. Figure S2. The proliferation of CAF cells in C3aR−/− mice was comparable with that of WT mice. a Tumors were harvested on day 15 after 4 T1 cell inoculation and single cell suspension was prepared for flow cytometry staining. CAF was defined as PDGFRa+F4/80−. b Percentage of PDGFRα+F4/80− in total living cells from C3aR−/− and WT tumor-bearing mice. c Tumors were harvested on day 15 after 4 T1 cell inoculation and CAFs were sorted from FACS. The purity of sorted CAF was shown. Figure S3. C3aRA treatment has no effect on the breast cancer growth in 4 T1-bearing mice. a Tumor growth of 4 T1-bearing mice in C3aRA treated or PBS treated group. b Tumor weight of the two group of mice

Synergistic Effects of Combined Anthocyanin and Metformin Treatment for Hyperglycemia <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i>

The mechanism underlying the hypoglycemic effect of the simultaneous use of metformin and anthocyanin-rich foods is not yet clear. Hence, the effects and possible mechanisms of action of these substances, alone and in combination, were evaluated in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and a diabetic mouse model. The results indicated that anthocyanin and metformin had a significant synergistic effect on glucose consumption (CI < 0.9) compared with metformin alone in HepG2 cells. In the mouse model, combined treatment (50 and 100 mg/kg metformin + anthocyanin groups) demonstrated synergistic restorative effects on the blood glucose level, insulin resistance, and organ damage in the liver, pancreas, and ileum. Additionally, combined metformin and anthocyanin treatment suppressed protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B expression and regulated the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. Combined treatment also altered the gut microbial composition and structure by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and the short-chain fatty acid content. These results suggest that the use of anthocyanins can enhance the efficacy of metformin treatment for hyperglycemia and provide a reference for further clinical research regarding nutrition and supplementary treatment

Atomically thin mirrors made of monolayer semiconductors

Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers are promising candidates for exploring new electronic and optical phenomena and for realizing atomically thin optoelectronic devices. They host tightly bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) that can be efficiently excited by resonant light fields. Here, we demonstrate that a single monolayer of molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) can dramatically modify light transmission near the excitonic resonance, acting as an electrically switchable mirror that reflects up to 85% of incident light at cryogenic temperatures. This high reflectance is a direct consequence of the excellent coherence properties of excitons in this atomically thin semiconductor, encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride. Furthermore, we show that the MoSe2 monolayer exhibits power- and wavelength-dependent nonlinearities that stem from exciton-based lattice heating in the case of continuous-wave excitation and exciton-exciton interactions when fast, pulsed laser excitation is used. These observations open up new possibilities for studying quantum nonlinear optical phenomena and topological photonics, and for miniaturizing optical devices

Additional file 1 of Survival outcomes of stage I colorectal cancer: development and validation of the ACEPLY model using two prospective cohorts

Additional file 1. STROBE checklist for reporting observational studies