Registros de mamíferos não voadores em estudos de avaliação ambiental no sul do Brasil

Non-volant mammals recorded in environmental evaluation studies in southern Brazil. Studies to evaluate environmental impacts have become both a need and a requirement of environmental agencies due to great alteration of the native environments provoked by man. Many of these studies are short-termed, but reporting the acquired data is very important in order to increase knowledge about specific biotic groups. Thus, this paper presents the results of the non-volant mammal surveys arising from seven environmental studies in southern Brazil. The following methodologies were employed: (1) interviews with local residents; (2) visual observations and recording; (3) identification of vestiges; and (4) capture with live traps. A total of 46 mammal species were recorded (5 marsupials, 4 xenarthrans, 2 primates, 13 carnivores, 2 artiodactylans, 2 lagomorphs and 18 rodents). Some species, such as the jaguar (Panthera onca), giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis), Brazilian tapir (Tapirus terrestris) and white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), are possibly extinct or seriously threatened. The records obtained and the possibilities of the occurrence of other species are discussed.Estudos para avaliação de impactos ambientais tornaramse uma necessidade e uma exigência por parte dos órgãos ambientais em virtude da grande alteração dos ambientes nativos promovida pelo homem. Ainda que muitos desses estudos sejam de curta duração, a divulgação dos dados obtidos é de grande interesse para o aumento do conhecimento sobre um determinado grupo biótico. Assim, este trabalho apresenta os resultados dos levantamentos de mamíferos não voadores em sete estudos ambientais realizados no sul do Brasil. As seguintes metodologias foram empregadas: (1) entrevistas com moradores locais; (2) registro visual; (3) identificação de vestígios; e (4) captura com armadilhas do tipo live traps. No total, foram registradas 46 espécies de mamíferos (5 marsupiais, 4 xenartros, 2 primatas, 13 carnívoros, 2 artiodáctilos, 2 lagomorfos e 18 roedores). Nessas áreas, algumas espécies, como a onça (Panthera onca), a ariranha (Pteronura brasiliensis), a anta (Tapirus terrestris) e o queixada (Tayassu pecari), estão possivelmente extintas ou severamente ameaçadas. São discutidos os registros obtidos e a possibilidade de ocorrência de outras espécies

Quantitative study of hydration of C3S and C2S by thermal analysis. Evolution and composition of C-S-H gels formed

This research is part of a European project (namely, CODICE project), main objective of which is modelling, at a multi-scale, the evolution of the mechanical performance of non-degraded and degraded cementitious matrices. For that, a series of experiments were planned with pure synthetic tri-calcium silicate (C3S) and bi-calcium silicate (C2S) (main components of the Portland cement clinker) to obtain different calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) gel structures during their hydration. The characterization of those C–S–H gels and matrices will provide experimental parameters for the validation of the multi-scale modelling scheme proposed. In this article, a quantitative method, based on thermal analyses, has been used for the determination of the chemical composition of the C–S–H gel together with the degree of hydration and quantitative evolution of all the components of the pastes. Besides, the microstructure and type of silicate tetrahedron and mean chain length (MCL) were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 29Si magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR, respectively. The main results showed that the chemical compositions for the C–S–H gels have a CaO/SiO2 M ratio almost constant of 1.7 for both C3S and C2S compounds. Small differences were found in the gel water content: the H2O/SiO2 M ratio ranged from 2.9 ± 0.2 to 2.6 ± 0.2 for the C3S (decrease) and from 2.4 ± 0.2 to 3.2 ± 0.2 for the C2S (increase). The MCL values of the C–S–H gels, determined from 29Si MAS NMR, were 3.5 and 4 silicate tetrahedron, for the hydrated C3S and C2S, respectively, remaining almost constant at all hydration periods

Atlantic mammal traits: a dataset of morphological traits of mammals in the atlantic forest of south America

Measures of traits are the basis of functional biological diversity. Numerous works consider mean species-level measures of traits while ignoring individual variance within species. However, there is a large amount of variation within species and it is increasingly apparent that it is important to consider trait variation not only between species, but also within species. Mammals are an interesting group for investigating trait-based approaches because they play diverse and important ecological functions (e.g., pollination, seed dispersal, predation, grazing) that are correlated with functional traits. Here we compile a data set comprising morphological and life history information of 279 mammal species from 39,850 individuals of 388 populations ranging from −5.83 to −29.75 decimal degrees of latitude and −34.82 to −56.73 decimal degrees of longitude in the Atlantic forest of South America. We present trait information from 16,840 individuals of 181 species of non-volant mammals (Rodentia, Didelphimorphia, Carnivora, Primates, Cingulata, Artiodactyla, Pilosa, Lagomorpha, Perissodactyla) and from 23,010 individuals of 98 species of volant mammals (Chiroptera). The traits reported include body mass, age, sex, reproductive stage, as well as the geographic coordinates of sampling for all taxa. Moreover, we gathered information on forearm length for bats and body length and tail length for rodents and marsupials. No copyright restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.Fil: Gonçalves, Fernando. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Bovendorp, Ricardo S.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Beca, Gabrielle. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Bello, Carolina. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Costa Pereira, Raul. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Muylaert, Renata L.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Rodarte, Raisa R.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Villar, Nacho. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Souza, Rafael. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Graipel, Maurício E.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Cherem, Jorge J.. Caipora Cooperativa, Florianopolis; BrasilFil: Faria, Deborah. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Baumgarten, Julio. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Alvarez, Martín R.. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Vieira, Emerson M.. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Cáceres, Nilton. Universidade Federal de Santa María. Santa María; BrasilFil: Pardini, Renata. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Leite, Yuri L. R.. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Costa, Leonora Pires. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Mello, Marco Aurelio Ribeiro. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Fischer, Erich. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; BrasilFil: Passos, Fernando C.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Varzinczak, Luiz H.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Prevedello, Jayme A.. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; BrasilFil: Cruz-Neto, Ariovaldo P.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Carvalho, Fernando. Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; BrasilFil: Reis Percequillo, Alexandre. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Paviolo, Agustin Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; ArgentinaFil: Duarte, José M. B.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Bernard, Enrico. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Agostini, Ilaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; ArgentinaFil: Lamattina, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Vanderhoeven, Ezequiel Andres. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentin

Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

The Pampa biogeographic province covers a mere 2% of the Brazilian territory (176,496 km2). However, it stands out as a complex and diverse ecosystem, although its mammal communities are still scarcely understood. Human activities are transforming the territory into a mosaic of agroecosystems, native and exotic forest fragments, and grasslands. Here we conducted the first investigation to determine the richness of small mammal assemblages in the region based on extensive analyses of owl pellets (Tyto furcata). Craniodental remains were studied from samples collected from 12 Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest sites in the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. A total of 2,617 individuals belonging to 19  taxa were recorded, including 2 marsupials (Didelphidae; 0.42%), 2 chiropterans (Molossidae, Phyllostomidae; 0.12%), and 15 rodents (Cricetidae, Muridae, Caviidae; 99.46%). The rodent genera Oligoryzomys, Mus, Calomys, and Akodon were the most common taxa. Large samples also included poorly known taxa, such as the cricetids Bibimys, Juliomys (recording here its southernmost occurrence), Lundomys, and Wilfredomys. From a biogeographical point of view, the recorded assemblage embraces a mixture of Platan, Pampean, and Atlantic Forest elements, highlighting the role of the southernmost Brazilian hills as a wedge favoring the penetration of forest micromammals to higher latitudes. Our findings testify to the great diversity of the Pampa, but also point to a growing homogeneity and dominance of rodent species that are widespread in agroecosystems. Rapid inventories based on owl pellets emerge as a suitable, economic, non-invasive tool to document these community changes.Fil: Stutz, Narla Shannay. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Hadler, Patrícia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Cherem, Jorge José. Cooperativa para a Conservação da Natureza (Caipora); BrasilFil: Pardiñas, Ulises Francisco J.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad; Ecuado

Fusão de molares em Monodelphis domestica (Wagner, 1842) (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) da Caatinga, Nordeste do Brasil

Tooth fusion is a rare anomaly, characterized by the union of two adjacent teeth. A specimen of Monodelphis domestica from Boqueirão da Onça, state of Bahia, presents the upper left third and fourth molars fused through the stylar shelf and the vestibular roots. Apparently, this is the first case of fusion of the crown and roots of molars recorded in marsupials. Causes of tooth fusion are still poorly understood. The action of forces that bring teeth still in development closer together has been listed as one of the possibilities to explain this type of anomaly.A fusão de dentes é uma anomalia rara, caracterizada pela união de dois dentes adjacentes. Um espécime de Monodelphis domestica proveniente do Boqueirão da Onça, estado da Bahia, apresenta o terceiro e quarto molares superiores esquerdos fusionados através das plataformas estilares e das raízes vestibulares dos dentes. Aparentemente, esse é o primeiro caso de fusão de coroa e raízes de molares registrado em marsupiais. Causas de  fusão de dentes ainda são mal compreendidas. A ação de forças que aproximem os dentes ainda em desenvolvimento tem sido elencada como uma das possibilidades para explicar esse tipo de anomalia

Mamíferos de médio e grande porte atropelados em rodovias do Estado de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil

Running over of mammals on roads of Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. Road deaths represent a factor of great impact on fauna. This is probably one of the main causes of mortality, even for threatened species. However, studies on this subject are unknown in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. Considering this lack, the present study presents records of medium to large-sized mammals killed by vehicles on the roads of this state between August 2000 and November 2005. In total, 257 records were made from 20 mammal species, most of which were obtained from the BR 116, BR 282 and BR 470 highways. Cerdocyon thous was the commonest species (82 records; 31.9%), followed by Didelphis albiventris (44; 17.1%), Procyon cancrivorus (21; 8.2%), Conepatus chinga (19; 7.4%), Dasypus novemcinctus (14; 5.4%), Tamandua tetradactyla (14; 5.4%) and Sphiggurus villosus (13; 5.1%). Leopardus tigrinus (5; 1.9%), L. wiedii (1; 0.4%) and one unidentified Leopardus individual were recorded as threatened species. This indicates a high number of mammals run over on the roads of Santa Catarina state, and hence the necessity of specific studies on this subject and the construction of tunnels and fences for animal passage.O atropelamento de animais em estradas é um fator de grande impacto sobre a fauna, podendo ser uma das principais causas de mortalidade, inclusive para espécies ameaçadas de extinção. No Estado de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil, não há estudos sobre este tema. Em função disto, neste estudo são apresentados registros de mamíferos de médio e grande porte atropelados em rodovias do Estado entre agosto/2000 e novembro/2005. No total, registraram-se 257 indivíduos de 20 espécies principalmente para a BR 116, BR 282 e BR 470. Cerdocyon thous foi o mamífero mais comumente encontrado (n=82; 31,9%), seguido por Didelphis albiventris (n=44; 17,1%), Procyon cancrivorus (n=21; 8,2%), Conepatus chinga (n=19; 7,4%), Dasypus novemcinctus (n=14; 5,4%), Tamandua tetradactyla (n=14; 5,4%) e Sphiggurus villosus (n=13; 5,1%). Quanto às espécies ameaçadas de extinção, registraram-se Leopardus tigrinus (n=5; 1,9%), L. wiedii (n=1; 0,4%) e um exemplar não identificado de Leopardus. Este número alto de mamíferos mortos por atropelamento em rodovias no Estado evidencia a necessidade de estudos mais específicos sobre o tema e sobre a implantação de estruturas, como túneis e cercas direcionadoras, para a travessia de animais

Small mammals (Didelphimorphia, Chiroptera and Rodentia) in pellets of Tyto furcata (barn owl) (Aves, Tytonidae) from southern Brazil

A análise e identificação de pequenos mamíferos em egagropilos de coruja, em especial do gênero Tyto, são consideradas uma ferramenta útil e complementar na mastozoologia. No entanto, poucos estudos deste tipo têm sido desenvolvidos no sul do Brasil. Foram analisados os fragmentos cranianos e mandibulares de pequenosmamíferos encontrados em egagropilos de Tyto furcata coletados em sete localidades dos três estados do sul do país. Ao todo, foram contabilizados 2.382 indivíduos pertencentes a 29 táxons, incluindo cinco marsupiais (Didelphidae; 1,39% dos indivíduos), quatro quirópteros (Molossidae, Phyllostomidae e Vespertilionidae; 0,25%) e 20 roedores (Cricetidae, Muridae, Caviidae e Echimyidae; 98,36%). Os roedores Akodon spp., Oligoryzomys sp. e Mus musculus foram os táxons mais comuns. A amostra inclui espécies com poucos registros para o sul do Brasil, como Bibimys sp., Calomys tener e Wilfredomys oenax. A riqueza de pequenos mamíferos obtidanessas amostras corrobora a utilidade e importância da análise de egagropilos de aves de rapina. Ainda assim, são necessários estudos mais detalhados sobre a morfologia e identificação das espécies, como de Akodon e Oligoryzomys, considerando-se a natureza fragmentária do material nos egagropilos.The study of small mammals in owl pellets, especially of the genus Tyto, is considered a useful and complementary tool in mammalogy. However, few studies using this kind of information have been conducted in southern Brazil. We analyzed craniodental remains of small mammals in Tyto furcata pellets from seven locations in the three southern Brazilian states. In all, 2,382 individuals belonging to 29 taxa were recorded, including 5 marsupials (Didelphidae; 1.39% of individuals), 4 chiropterans (Molossidae, Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae; 0.25%), and 20 rodents (Cricetidae, Muridae, Caviidae and Echimyidae; 98.36%). The rodents Akodon spp., Oligoryzomys sp. and Mus musculus were the most common taxa. The sample also included taxa with few recorded localities previously published, such as the rodents Bibimys sp., Calomys tener and Wilfredomys oenax. The richness of small mammals obtained in the samples studied corroborates the utility and importance of analyzing pellets of birds of prey. In addition, our contribution highlights the need for more detailed studies on the morphology and identification of several mammalian species, such as those of the genera Akodon and Oligoryzomys, considering the fragmentary nature of the specimens retrieved from pellets.Fil: Cherem, Jorge José. Caipora Cooperativa; BrasilFil: Hadler, Patrícia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Stutz, Narla Shannay. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Pardiñas, Ulises Francisco J.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; Argentin

Registros recentes de Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) (Carnivora: Canidae) no sul do Brasil

Chrysocyon brachyrus (maned wolf) has a wide distribution in South America, but there are few data to Southern Brazil. From studies conducted between 2000 and 2017, we report ten new recent records of the maned wolf in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. These records were based on tracks, visual records, road kills, camera traps and scientific collections. These records update and extend the presence of the species beyond the National System of Protected Areas.Chrysocyon brachyrus (lobo-guará) apresenta ampla distribuição na América do Sul, mas poucos dados no sul do Brasil. A partir de estudos conduzidos entre 2000 e 2017, são apresentados dez registros novos e recentes do lobo-guará para os estados de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. Os registros foram obtidos por rastros, observação direta, atropelamentos, armadilhas fotográficas e coleções científicas. Esses registros atualizam e ampliam os pontos de ocorrência da espécie fora do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação

BioTIME 2.0: Expanding and improving a database of biodiversity time series

Motivation: Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included: The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain: Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. Time Period and Grain: The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample-level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement: The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. Software Format: csv and. SQL