Single-Photon Ionization Induced New Covalent Bond Formation in Acrylonitrile(AN)–Pyrrole(Py) Clusters

The formation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds is crucial for understanding chemical evolution and the origin of life in the interstellar medium (ISM). In this study, we explore whether acrylonitrile (AN) and pyrrole (Py) can form new nitrogen-containing compounds after single-photon ionization in their gaseous clusters by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-infrared (IR) spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The results show that a strong linear H-bond is formed in neutral AN-Py, while cyclic or bicyclic H-bonded networks are formed in the neutral AN-Py2 cluster. It is found that the structure containing a new C–C covalent bond between two moieties in (AN-Py)+ is formed besides the formation of H-bonded structures after AN-Py is ionized by VUV light. In (AN-Py2)+ cluster cations, new C–C or C–N covalent bonds tend to be formed between two Py, with (Py)2+ as the core in the cluster. The results reveal that new covalent bonds are more likely to be formed between two Py species when AN and Py are present in the cationic clusters. These results provide spectroscopic evidence of the formation of new nitrogen-containing organic compounds from AN and Py induced by VUV, which are helpful for our understanding of the formation of diverse prebiotic molecules in interstellar space

Additional file 4 of Positive associations between different circulating trans fatty acids (TFAs) and urinary albumin excretion among adults in the U.S.: a population-based study

Supplementary Material

Additional file 1 of Positive associations between different circulating trans fatty acids (TFAs) and urinary albumin excretion among adults in the U.S.: a population-based study

Supplementary Material

DataSheet_3_Diabetes mellitus, systemic inflammation and overactive bladder.xlsx

BackgroundIncreasing evidence emphasizes the potential relationship between diabetes and OAB (overactive bladder). However, large population epidemiology is still lacking.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included six cycle NHANES surveys, with a total of 23863 participants. Logistic regression models were constructed to analyze the association between diabetes mellitus, diabetes-related markers, and inflammatory biomarkers with OAB. Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the non-linear associations. Mediating analysis was performed to test the effect of inflammatory biomarkers on the relationship between diabetes-related markers and OAB. Finally, machine learning models were applied to predict the relative importance and construct the best-fit model.ResultsDiabetes mellitus participants’ OAB prevalence increased by 77% compared with non-diabetes. As the quartiles of diabetes-related markers increased, the odds of OAB monotonically increased in three models (all p for trend 0.05). White blood cells significantly mediated the associations between diabetes-related markers (glycohemoglobin, fasting glucose, and insulin) with OAB, and the proportions were 7.23%, 8.08%, and 17.74%, respectively (all p ConclusionOur research revealed diabetes mellitus and diabetes-related markers were remarkably associated with OAB, and systemic inflammation was an important mediator of this association.</p

DataSheet_1_Exploring blood lipids-immunity associations following HBV vaccination: evidence from a large cross-sectional study.pdf

IntroductionSerological responses following hepatitis B vaccination are crucial for preventing hepatitis B (HBV). However, the potential relationship between serum lipid levels and immunity from HBV vaccination remains poorly understood.MethodsIn this study, we conducted an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data spanning from 2003 to 2016. Multivariable weighted logistic regression models, generalized linear analysis, stratified models, smooth curve fitting, segmentation effect analysis and sensitivity analysis were utilized to assess the relationships.ResultsAfter adjusting for relevant covariates, we observed that low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were independently linked to a significantly lower seroprotective rate. Compared to HDL levels of ≥ 60 mg/dL, the odds ratios (ORs) for individuals with borderline levels (40-59 mg/dL for men, 50-59 mg/dL for women) and low levels (ConclusionThis study suggests that lipid levels may play a role in modulating the immune response following HBV vaccination.</p

DataSheet_1_Diabetes mellitus, systemic inflammation and overactive bladder.xls

BackgroundIncreasing evidence emphasizes the potential relationship between diabetes and OAB (overactive bladder). However, large population epidemiology is still lacking.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included six cycle NHANES surveys, with a total of 23863 participants. Logistic regression models were constructed to analyze the association between diabetes mellitus, diabetes-related markers, and inflammatory biomarkers with OAB. Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the non-linear associations. Mediating analysis was performed to test the effect of inflammatory biomarkers on the relationship between diabetes-related markers and OAB. Finally, machine learning models were applied to predict the relative importance and construct the best-fit model.ResultsDiabetes mellitus participants’ OAB prevalence increased by 77% compared with non-diabetes. As the quartiles of diabetes-related markers increased, the odds of OAB monotonically increased in three models (all p for trend 0.05). White blood cells significantly mediated the associations between diabetes-related markers (glycohemoglobin, fasting glucose, and insulin) with OAB, and the proportions were 7.23%, 8.08%, and 17.74%, respectively (all p ConclusionOur research revealed diabetes mellitus and diabetes-related markers were remarkably associated with OAB, and systemic inflammation was an important mediator of this association.</p

DataSheet_2_Diabetes mellitus, systemic inflammation and overactive bladder.docx

BackgroundIncreasing evidence emphasizes the potential relationship between diabetes and OAB (overactive bladder). However, large population epidemiology is still lacking.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included six cycle NHANES surveys, with a total of 23863 participants. Logistic regression models were constructed to analyze the association between diabetes mellitus, diabetes-related markers, and inflammatory biomarkers with OAB. Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the non-linear associations. Mediating analysis was performed to test the effect of inflammatory biomarkers on the relationship between diabetes-related markers and OAB. Finally, machine learning models were applied to predict the relative importance and construct the best-fit model.ResultsDiabetes mellitus participants’ OAB prevalence increased by 77% compared with non-diabetes. As the quartiles of diabetes-related markers increased, the odds of OAB monotonically increased in three models (all p for trend 0.05). White blood cells significantly mediated the associations between diabetes-related markers (glycohemoglobin, fasting glucose, and insulin) with OAB, and the proportions were 7.23%, 8.08%, and 17.74%, respectively (all p ConclusionOur research revealed diabetes mellitus and diabetes-related markers were remarkably associated with OAB, and systemic inflammation was an important mediator of this association.</p

Table_3_Association between N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide exposure and the odds of kidney stones in US adults: a population-based study.DOCX

BackgroundCurrently, there is limited research on the specific relationship between N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) exposure and the odds of kidney stones. We aimed to investigate the relationship between DEET exposure and the prevalence of kidney stones.MethodsWe included 7,567 qualified participants in our research from the 2007–2016 NHANES survey. We carried out three logistic regression models to explore the potential association between DEET exposure and the odds of kidney stones. Spline smoothing with generalized additive models (GAM) was utilized to assess the non-linear relationship and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves was to determine the dose–response association. Multivariate regression models were used to conduct stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis.ResultsBaseline characteristics of study participants presented the distribution of covariables. Regression analysis revealed that the odds of kidney stones were positively associated with the main metabolites of 3-diethyl-carbamoyl benzoic acid (DCBA) (log2) (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.08). The fourth quartile of urine DCBA showed a greater risk of kidney stones in the fully adjusted model (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.72). Another DEET metabolite of N, N-diethyl-3-hydroxymethylbenzamide (DHMB) was used to confirm the accuracy and stability of the results. The spline smoothing curve represented two main DEET metabolites had similar no-linear relationships and a positive trend with kidney stones proportion. RCS implied that the incidence of kidney stones rose with increasing levels of DEET exposure. High-risk groups on kidney stones were exhibited by stratified analysis under DEET exposure.ConclusionOur study suggests that DEET exposure is positively associated with odds of kidney stones. Further investigation into the underlying processes of this association is required to guide the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.</p

Table_4_Association between N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide exposure and the odds of kidney stones in US adults: a population-based study.XLSX

BackgroundCurrently, there is limited research on the specific relationship between N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) exposure and the odds of kidney stones. We aimed to investigate the relationship between DEET exposure and the prevalence of kidney stones.MethodsWe included 7,567 qualified participants in our research from the 2007–2016 NHANES survey. We carried out three logistic regression models to explore the potential association between DEET exposure and the odds of kidney stones. Spline smoothing with generalized additive models (GAM) was utilized to assess the non-linear relationship and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves was to determine the dose–response association. Multivariate regression models were used to conduct stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis.ResultsBaseline characteristics of study participants presented the distribution of covariables. Regression analysis revealed that the odds of kidney stones were positively associated with the main metabolites of 3-diethyl-carbamoyl benzoic acid (DCBA) (log2) (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.08). The fourth quartile of urine DCBA showed a greater risk of kidney stones in the fully adjusted model (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.72). Another DEET metabolite of N, N-diethyl-3-hydroxymethylbenzamide (DHMB) was used to confirm the accuracy and stability of the results. The spline smoothing curve represented two main DEET metabolites had similar no-linear relationships and a positive trend with kidney stones proportion. RCS implied that the incidence of kidney stones rose with increasing levels of DEET exposure. High-risk groups on kidney stones were exhibited by stratified analysis under DEET exposure.ConclusionOur study suggests that DEET exposure is positively associated with odds of kidney stones. Further investigation into the underlying processes of this association is required to guide the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.</p

Table_1_Association between N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide exposure and the odds of kidney stones in US adults: a population-based study.XLSX

BackgroundCurrently, there is limited research on the specific relationship between N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) exposure and the odds of kidney stones. We aimed to investigate the relationship between DEET exposure and the prevalence of kidney stones.MethodsWe included 7,567 qualified participants in our research from the 2007–2016 NHANES survey. We carried out three logistic regression models to explore the potential association between DEET exposure and the odds of kidney stones. Spline smoothing with generalized additive models (GAM) was utilized to assess the non-linear relationship and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves was to determine the dose–response association. Multivariate regression models were used to conduct stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis.ResultsBaseline characteristics of study participants presented the distribution of covariables. Regression analysis revealed that the odds of kidney stones were positively associated with the main metabolites of 3-diethyl-carbamoyl benzoic acid (DCBA) (log2) (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.08). The fourth quartile of urine DCBA showed a greater risk of kidney stones in the fully adjusted model (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.72). Another DEET metabolite of N, N-diethyl-3-hydroxymethylbenzamide (DHMB) was used to confirm the accuracy and stability of the results. The spline smoothing curve represented two main DEET metabolites had similar no-linear relationships and a positive trend with kidney stones proportion. RCS implied that the incidence of kidney stones rose with increasing levels of DEET exposure. High-risk groups on kidney stones were exhibited by stratified analysis under DEET exposure.ConclusionOur study suggests that DEET exposure is positively associated with odds of kidney stones. Further investigation into the underlying processes of this association is required to guide the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.</p