12 research outputs found

    A Reaction-Based Ratiometric Bioluminescent Platform for Point-of-Care and Quantitative Detection Using a Smartphone

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    Fluorescent probes have emerged as powerful tools for the detection of different analytes by virtue of structural tenability. However, the requirement of an excitation source largely hinders their applicability in point-of-care detection, as well as causing autofluorescence interference in complex samples. Herein, based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), we developed a reaction-based ratiometric bioluminescent platform, which allows the excitation-free detection of analytes. The platform has a modular design consisting of a NanoLuc-HaloTag fusion as an energy donor, to which a synthetic fluorescent probe is bioorthogonally labeled as recognition moiety and energy acceptor. Once activated by the target, the fluorescent probe can be excited by NanoLuc to generate a remarkable BRET signal, resulting in obvious color changes of luminescence, which can be easily recorded and quantitatively analyzed by a smartphone. As a proof of concept, a fluorescent probe for HOCl was synthesized to construct the bioluminescent system. Results demonstrated the system showed a constant blue/red emission ratio which is independent to the signal intensity, allowing the quantification of HOCl concentration with high sensitivity (limit of detection (LOD) = 13 nM) and accuracy. Given the universality, this reaction-based bioluminescent platform holds great potential for point-of-care and quantitative detection of reactive species

    Table_1_Prevalence and risk factors of cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.DOCX

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    BackgroundCognitive impairment is prevalent in Chinese patients with hypertension; however, current evidence on prevalence and risk factors is required to be synthesized.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with hypertension.MethodsTwo reviewers independently searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, the Wanfang database, and the VIP database from their inception to 7 June 2023. The gray literature and the reference lists of the included studies were also retrieved manually. Moreover, we also independently performed the eligibility screening, data extraction, and data synthesis. The primary outcome was the prevalence of cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with hypertension, and the secondary outcomes were the risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension. R (version 4.0.3) was used for data synthesis.ResultsIn total, 82 studies involving 53,623 patients with hypertension were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension was 37.6% (95% CI: 33.2–42.2%). A total of 12 risk factors, including advanced age (r = −0.34, 95% CI: −0.45, −0.21), female sex (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.32), BMI > 24 Kg/m2 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.04–3.00), lower educational level (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.10–3.67), single status (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.32–2.02), complications with diabetes (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.14–1.80), coronary heart disease (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.12–1.97), higher stage of hypertension [stage 3 vs. stage 1, OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.82–5.22; stage 2 vs. stage 1, OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.29–2.60], no regular physical activity (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21–0.77), higher levels of systolic blood pressure (r = −0.25, 95% CI: −0.42, −0.08), Hcy (r = −0.39, 95% CI: −0.63, −0.09), and IL-6 (r = −0.26, 95% CI: −0.48, −0.02) were detected.ConclusionCognitive impairment is prevalent in Chinese patients with hypertension, and the increased prevalence was associated with several demographic characteristics, complicated disease, no regular physical activity, worse hypertension status (higher stages and SBP), and high levels of biomarkers. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the early identification and treatment of patients with hypertension who are at high risk for cognitive impairment in clinical practice. In addition, relevant risk factors should be controlled to reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment.Systematic review registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier [CRD42023410437].</p

    Effects of drugs on motor performance of rats in the rotarod test.

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    <p>After a baseline response had been obtained, tramadol 30 µg, propentofylline 2.5 µg and combination 7.2 µg were administered intrathecally and rotarod test was performed once a day for 8 d. Compared with that of the baseline response, there was no statistical differences could be detected from rotarod test after drugs intrathecal administration. 6 rats in each group.</p

    Effect of intrathecal propentofylline on SNL-induced neuropathic pain.

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    <p>Graph A shows a dose-dependent effect of intrathecal propentofylline on SNL-induced neuropathic pain. Intrathecal propentofylline (0.5 or 2.5 µg/rat) markedly raised the pain threshold, whereas, intrathecal propentofylline 0.1 µg/rat didn't show obvious effect on SNL-induced allodynia. Graph B means the percentage of anti-allodynia of the maximum possible effect. The Y-axis is the percentage of the antiallodynia after drug administration. % Antiallodynia = 100−100×(baseline of SNL-Drug – post SNL-Drug)/(baseline of SNL-Saline – post SNL-Saline). *<i>P</i><0.05, compared with that of SNL-Saline. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i><0.05, compared with that of SNL-P 0.5 µg group. 6 rats in each group. P: propentofylline.</p

    Isobologram of drugs combination shows the synergistic effect of intrathecal tramadol and propentofylline coadministration on SNL-induced neuropathic pain.

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    <p>Graph A, B means the ED50 of intrathecal propentofylline or tramadol respectively. The oblique line between A and B is the theoretic additive effect line of tramadol and propentofylline coadministration. Graph C, in the middle of the line, is the theoretical ED50 of drugs combination, which is calculated from the individual drug ED50. Graph D, far below the line, is the experimental ED50 of drugs combination, which is actually observed after drugs coadministration. The experimental ED50 point lies far below the additive line, suggesting a significant synergistic effect of drugs coadministration. *<i>P</i><0.05, compared with that of theoretical ED50.</p

    Effect of tramadol and propentofylline intrathecal coadministration on SNL-induced neuropathic pain.

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    <p>Graph A shows a dose-dependent effect of drugs coadministration on SNL-induced mechanical allodynia. Coadministration of 7.2 µg/rat (6.7 µg/rat tramadol and 0.5 µg/rat propentofylline) remarkably reversed the mechanical allodynia. Combination of 3.6 µg/rat (3.35 µg/rat tramadol and 0.25 µg/rat propentofylline) also effectively elevated the pain threshold. Moreover, intrathecal 1.8 µg/rat (1.68 µg/rat tramadol and 0.12 µg/rat propentofylline) could still relief the mechanical allodynia. Graph B means the percentage of anti-allodynia of the maximum possible effect. The Y-axis is the percentage of the antiallodynia after drug administration. % Antiallodynia = 100−100×(baseline of SNL-Drug – post SNL-Drug)/(baseline of SNL-Saline – post SNL-Saline). *<i>P</i><0.05, compared with that of SNL-Saline. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i><0.05, compared with that of SNL-C 3.6 µg group. 6 rats in each group. C: coadministration.</p

    Effects of drugs application on SNL-induced IL-1β expression.

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    <p>Different drugs were injected to detect the effects on SNL-induced IL-1β expression. *<i>P</i><0.05. 8 rats in each group. C: coadministration.</p

    Effect of intrathecal tramadol on spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain.

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    <p>Graph A shows a dose-dependent effect of intrathecal tramadol on SNL-induced mechanical allodynia. Intrathecal tramadol (10 or 30 µg/rat) significantly elevated the pain threshold, whereas, intrathecal tramadol 3 µg/rat didn't show apparent effect. Graph B means the percentage of anti-allodynia of the maximum possible effect. The Y-axis is the percentage of the antiallodynia after drug administration. % Antiallodynia = 100−100×(baseline of SNL-Drug – post SNL-Drug)/(baseline of SNL-Saline – post SNL-Saline). *<i>P</i><0.05, compared with that of SNL-Saline. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i><0.05, compared with that of SNL-T 10 µg group. 6 rats in each group. POD: post operative day, T: tramadol.</p
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