Highly Reversible Zn Electrodeposition Enabled by an Artificial 3D Defect-Rich Conductive Scaffold

Rechargeable Zn metal batteries are attracting intensive attention due to the high capacity and safety of metallic Zn. However, their developments are strongly restricted by the poor reversibility and low areal capacity of anodes, especially at high rates. To achieve homogeneous and rapid Zn deposition is a way to solve these issues intrinsically. Here, we design a three-dimensional (3D) defect-rich conductive scaffold as an ideal substrate for Zn electrodeposition, which is built up of vertically aligned porous vanadium trioxide nanosheet skeleton supporting defective networks to provide fast electron- and ion-transfer paths. The abundant defects act as the energetically favorable nucleation sites inducing the in situ uniform growth of hierarchical Zn nanosheets on the substrate. The as-electrodeposited 3D Zn anodes achieve exceptionally reversible Zn plating/stripping over 5000 h at both moderate and high current densities (6 and 20 mA cm–2). The 100 A h cm–2 cumulative capacities at 80% depth of discharge are impressive and magnitude of orders greater than the reported Zn anodes so far. The unique 3D defective structure can be well maintained in thousands of cycles, which ensures a remarkably high Coulombic efficiency of 99.99956%. A full cell assembled with the ZnHCF cathode demonstrates a high-capacity retention of 91.2% at 2 A g–1 after 20,000 cycles, over 10 times that of a Zn plate anode. This work provides an eligible anode for advanced rechargeable Zn metal batteries

Bi Doping-Enhanced Reversible-Phase Transition of α‑MnO₂ Raising the Cycle Capability of Aqueous Zn–Mn Batteries

Rechargeable aqueous zinc–manganese oxide batteries have attracted extensive attention in energy-storage systems owing to their high safety and low cost but still suffer from the lack of advanced cathode materials with both high capacity and a long cycle life. Here, the bismuth-doped α-MnO2 was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The preintercalation of Bi3+ effectively enlarges the lattice spacing and boosts the electrochemical performance of Zn/MnO2 batteries. The systematical studies suggest that Bi doping significantly optimized the electrochemical behavior and especially enhanced the reversibility of dissolution–deposition and phase transition processes. As a result, the Bi-doped α-MnO2 cathode achieves a superior performance: high reversible specific capacity (325 mA h g–1 at 300 mA g–1) and long cycling stability (90.9% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1000 mA g–1). By comparison with the α-MnO2 electrode, the Bi-doped α-MnO2 electrode exhibits a longer and stabler discharge plateau. It is different from most anionic doping methods, which attribute the performance improvement to superior ion diffusion kinetics and enhanced structural stability. Therefore, this work offers a new viewpoint and approach to improve the electrochemical property of Zn/MnO2 batteries

Screening of key biomarkers and immune infiltration in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via integrated bioinformatics analysis

This study aimed to screen key biomarkers and investigate immune infiltration in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) based on integrated bioinformatics analysis. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to download three mRNA expression profiles comprising 91 PAH lung specimens and 49 normal lung specimens. Three mRNA expression datasets were combined, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs were performed using the STRING and DAVID databases, respectively. The diagnostic value of hub gene expression in PAH was also analyzed. Finally, the infiltration of immune cells in PAH was analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Total 182 DEGs (117 upregulated and 65 downregulated) were identified, and 15 hub genes were screened. These 15 hub genes were significantly associated with immune system functions such as myeloid leukocyte migration, neutrophil migration, cell chemotaxis, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. A 7-gene-based model was constructed and had a better diagnostic value in identifying PAH tissues compared with normal controls. The immune infiltration profiles of the PAH and normal control samples were significantly different. High proportions of resting NK cells, activated mast cells, monocytes, and neutrophils were found in PAH samples, while high proportions of resting T cells CD4 memory and Macrophages M1 cell were found in normal control samples. Functional enrichment of DEGs and immune infiltration analysis between PAH and normal control samples might help to understand the pathogenesis of PAH.</p

MOESM1 of Efficacy and safety of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate on pulmonary hypertension: study protocol for a randomized controlled study

Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents*

Image_1_AQP9 Is a Prognostic Factor for Kidney Cancer and a Promising Indicator for M2 TAM Polarization and CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment.jpeg

BackgroundIt is undeniable that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an indispensable role in the progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). However, the precise mechanism of activities in TME is still unclear.Methods and ResultsUsing the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE calculation methods, the scores of the two main fractions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database of 537 KIRC patients were calculated. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were drawn out by performing an overlap between Cox regression analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) was identified as a latent predictor through the process. Following research revealed that AQP9 expression was positively correlated with the pathological characteristics (TNM stage) and negatively connected with survival time. Then, by performing gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), it can be inferred that genes with high expression level of AQP9 were mainly enriched in immune-related activities, while low AQP9 group was associated with functions of cellular metabolism. Further studies have shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs), macrophages M2, macrophages M0, CD4+ T cells, and neutrophils were positively correlated with AQP9 expression. While the levels of mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and CD8+ T cells are negatively correlated with AQP9. The result of multiple immunohistochemistry (mIHC) suggests a negative relevance between AQP9 and CD8+ T cells and reveals a trend of consistent change on AQP9 and M2 macrophages.ConclusionThe expression level of AQP9 may be helpful in predicting the prognosis of patients with KIRC, especially to the TME state transition, the mechanism of which is possibly through lipid metabolism and P53, Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways that affect M2 polarization. AQP9 was associated with the expression levels of M2, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and the recruitment of CD8+ T cells in tumor environment. The research result indicates that AQP9 may be an obstacle to maintain the immune activity of TME.</p

DataSheet_1_Relationships between stable isotope natural abundances (δ13C and δ15N) and water use efficiency in rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation in soils with high clay contents.pdf

Natural abundance of the stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) in plants is widely used to indicate water use efficiency (WUE). However, soil water and texture properties may affect this relationship, which remains largely elusive. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate δ13C as affected by different combinations of alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) with varied soil clay contents in different organs and whole plant and assess the feasibility of using δ13C and δ15N as a physiological indicator of whole-plant water use efficiency (WUEwhole-plant). Three AWD regimes, I100 (30 mm flooded when soil reached 100% saturation), I90 (30 mm flooded when reached 90% saturation) and I70 (30 mm flooded when reached 70% saturation) and three soil clay contents, 40% (S40), 50% (S50), and 60% (S60), were included. Observed variations in WUEwhole-plant did not conform to theoretical expectations of the organs δ13C (δ13Corgans) of plant biomass based on pooled data from all treatments. However, a positive relationship between δ13Cleaf and WUEET (dry biomass/evapotranspiration) was observed under I90 regime, whereas there were no significant relationships between δ13Corgans and WUEET under I100 or I70 regimes. Under I100, weak relationships between δ13Corgans and WUEET could be explained by (i) variation in C allocation patterns under different clay content, and (ii) relatively higher rate of panicle water loss, which was independent of stomatal regulation and photosynthesis. Under I70, weak relationships between δ13Corgans and WUEET could be ascribed to (i) bigger cracks induced by water-limited irrigation regime and high clay content soil, and (ii) damage caused by severe drought. In addition, a negative relationship was observed between WUEwhole-plant and shoot δ15N (δ15Nshoot) across the three irrigation treatments, indicating that WUEwhole-plant is tightly associated with N metabolism and N isotope discrimination in rice. Therefore, δ13C should be used cautiously as an indicator of rice WUEwhole-plant at different AWD regimes with high clay content, whereas δ15N could be considered an effective indicator of WUEwhole-plant.</p

sj-docx-1-tar-10.1177_17534666231212307 – Supplemental material for Preliminary study on the short-term changes of pulmonary perfusion after a single balloon pulmonary angioplasty in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tar-10.1177_17534666231212307 for Preliminary study on the short-term changes of pulmonary perfusion after a single balloon pulmonary angioplasty in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension by Peng Hou, Hai-Ming Chen, Si-Yan Lin, Wen-Liang Guo, Peng-Hao Chen, Jie-Long Lin, Xiao-Feng Wu, Chun-Li Liu, Xin-Lu Wang and Cheng Hong in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease</p