Additional file 2 of Vitamin B12 status and folic acid/vitamin B12 related to the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table. 2. Assessment of the Meta-Evidence of Cohort Studies for NutriGrade

Additional file 1 of Vitamin B12 status and folic acid/vitamin B12 related to the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table. 1-1 Newcastle–Ottawa Scale of cohort studies

Additional file 3 of Vitamin B12 status and folic acid/vitamin B12 related to the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Additional file 3: Supplementary Table. 3 PICOS framework

Screening and selection process for articles.

<p>Screening and selection process for articles.</p

Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index in Relation to Infant Birth Weight and Offspring Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Overweight/obesity in women of childbearing age is a serious public-health problem. In China, the incidence of maternal overweight/obesity has been increasing. However, there is not a meta-analysis to determine if pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is related to infant birth weight (BW) and offspring overweight/obesity.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Three electronic bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL) were searched systematically from January 1970 to November 2012. The dichotomous data on pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and BW or offspring overweight/obesity were extracted. Summary statistics (odds ratios, ORs) were used by Review Manager, version 5.1.7.</p><p>Results</p><p>After screening 665 citations from three electronic databases, we included 45 studies (most of high or medium quality). Compared with normal-weight mothers, pre-pregnancy underweight increased the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) (odds ratios [OR], 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–1.87); low BW (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.27–1.71). Pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity increased the risk of being large for gestational age (LGA) (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.44–1.63; and OR, 2.08; 95% CI; 1.95–2.23), high BW (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.44–1.63; and OR, 2.00; 95% CI; 1.84–2.18), macrosomia (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.42–1.97; and OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.39–4.37), and subsequent offspring overweight/obesity (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.77–2.13; and OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.68–3.49), respectively. Sensitivity analyses revealed that sample size, study method, quality grade of study, source of pre-pregnancy BMI or BW had a strong impact on the association between pre-pregnancy obesity and LGA. No significant evidence of publication bias was observed.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Pre-pregnancy underweight increases the risk of SGA and LBW; pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity increases the risk of LGA, HBW, macrosomia, and subsequent offspring overweight/obesity. A potential effect modification by maternal age, ethnicity, gestational weight gain, as well as the role of gestational diseases should be addressed in future studies.</p></div

Sensitivity analyses of the relationship between pre-pregnancy obesity and being LGA.

<p>BMI, body mass index; BW, birth weight; WHO, World Health Organization; IOM, Institute of Medicine; WGOC, Working Group on Obesity in China; APS, Asia-Pacific standard; LGA, large for gestational age.</p

Forest plot of the association between pre-pregnancy underweight and being LGA.

<p>Forest plot of the association between pre-pregnancy underweight and being LGA.</p

Forest plot of the association between pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity and being LGA.

<p>Forest plot of the association between pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity and being LGA.</p

Forest plot of the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and being SGA.

<p>Forest plot of the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and being SGA.</p

Magnetic Nanoagent Coated with an Activated Macrophage Membrane for Colorimetric Detection of Bacteria

The construction of cell mimics replicating the surface landscape and biological functions of the cell membrane offers promising prospects for biomedical research and applications. Inspired by the inherent recognition capability of immune cells toward pathogens, we have fabricated activated macrophage membrane-coated magnetic silicon nanoparticles (aM-MSNPs) in this work as an isolation and recognition tool for enhanced bacterial analysis. Specifically, the natural protein receptors on the activated macrophage membrane endow the MSNPs with a broad-spectrum binding capacity to different pathogen species. By further incorporation of a tyramide amplification strategy, direct naked-eye analysis of specific bacteria with a detection limit of 10 CFU/mL can be achieved. Moreover, application to the diagnosis of urinary tract infections has also been validated, and positive samples spiked with bacteria can be clearly distinguished with an accuracy of 100%. This work may enrich cell membrane-based architectures and provide an experimental paradigm for point-of-care testing (POCT) detection of bacteria