Infection rates after exposure to the bite of one to eight <i>P. yoelii</i>-infected mosquitoes.

<p>BALB/c mice were exposed to one, two, four, or five to eight bites by <i>A. stephensi</i> mosquitoes infected with <i>P. yoelii</i> sporozoites. 7 and 14 days following bites, mice were assessed for parasitemia by blood smear. Data from individual mice from five separate experiments (experiments 1–5) are shown. A single strain of <i>A. stephensi</i> (NIJ.SAN01) was used in experiments 1–4 and a second strain (SXK.SAN02) in experiment 5.</p

Sporozoite density in infected mosquitoes.

<p>The numbers of sporozoites was determined in salivary glands of mosquitoes from the same container as the mosquitoes used in the experiments. Salivary glands from the indicated number of mosquitoes were pooled, sporozoites were isolated from the salivary glands, the total numbers of sporozoites were determined, and the mean numbers of sporozoites/mosquito were calculated.</p

Infectivity of PySPZ inoculated IV.

<p>A sample of 15 mosquitoes was randomly taken from the same container in which the mosquitoes used to bite mice in experiment #5 were taken. Salivary glands were dissected from the 15 mosquitoes and sporozoites isolated. The indicated numbers (first column) were injected IV into mice. 7 days and 14 days later, the presence of parasitemia was determined by microscopic evaluation of thin blood smears. The ID₅₀ was calculated, and determined to be 1.09 PySPZ.</p

Salivary gland scores of individual mosquitoes in Experiments 1–5.

<p>After feeding, the mosquitoes were dissected to demonstrate that they had taken a blood meal and establish the salivary gland score (1+ to 3+, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0008947#s2" target="_blank">Methods</a>). Nine of the 17 mosquitoes that fed on mice that did not develop parasitemia (negatives) had the highest salivary gland score of 3+. The geometric mean salivary gland scores of the mosquitoes were not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.2856, Wilcoxon Two Sample Test).</p

Spatial distribution and non-specific binding signature.

<p>(a–c) An example showing that spatial distribution of compound <i>B9</i> was heterogeneous for the three mammalian cell lines (a = HS578T, b = Scp2, c = CAMA1 cell lines), (d) structure of <i>B9</i> and <i>C9</i>, (e–f) images corresponding to in- and out-fluxes for compound <i>C9</i> in CAMA1 cell line, (g–h) images corresponding to in- and out-fluxes for compound <i>C9</i> in <i>A. Thailiana</i> root hair.</p

Correlation between NSI values and the chemical structure of the screened ligands.

<p>(A) Combinatorial library has 12 diversities corresponding to the R1 block with each diversity painted a distinct color. Therefore, compounds originating from the same diversity should be structurally similar and close to each other in this space, (b) Compounds from (a) with superior NSI properties are shown in large green circles and those that have passed secondary root hair screening process are shown with red outlines.</p

Ranking ligands through integration of heatmap computed from the three cell lines.

<p>(a–c) heatmaps for cell lines for CAMA1, HS578T, and ScP2. (d) heatmap for the aggregate of the 3 cell lines, (e) ranked response of compounds on the plant root hair. Each heatmap is represented by an R1 and R2 diversity corresponding to Y and X axis, respectively. The green signal represents a superior non-stickyness index. A subset of compounds (e.g., hits identified by the mammalian lines) is then tested on the plant root hair to reveal that <i>C9</i> has a superior response.</p

Anti-Pfs25 antibody titer of EPA, TT or CRM conjugates of Pfs25 synthesized by thioether (TE) chemistry formulated in either Alhydrogel (AH) or AdjuPhos (AP).

<p>Immune sera were collected from Day 42 after two vaccinations were analyzed. Dose: 0.5 μg/mouse.</p

Anti-Pfs25 or Pfs230D1 antibody titer of EPA conjugates of Pfs25 and Pfs230D1 synthesized by thioether (TE) and Amide (Am) conjugation chemistry.

<p>Mice were immunized with conjugates formulated in saline or Alhydrogel. Sera were analyzed on Day 42 after vaccination on Day 0 and 28. Dose: 0.5 μg/mouse.</p

Le Courrier

31 mars 18261826/03/31 (A0,N90)