Quantitative Assessment of 2q35-rs13387042 Polymorphism and Hormone Receptor Status with Breast Cancer Risk

<div><p>Background</p><p>The association between rs13387042 polymorphism on 2q35 and breast cancer (BC) has been widely evaluated since it was first identified through genome-wide association approach. However, the results have been inconclusive. To investigate this inconsistency, we performed a meta-analysis of all available studies dealing with the relationship between the 2q35-rs13387042 polymorphism and BC.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, ISI web of science and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched to find relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. The random-effects model was applied, addressing heterogeneity and publication bias.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 24 articles involving 99,772 cases and 164,985 controls were included. In a combined analysis, the summary per-allele odds ratio (OR) for BC of 2q35-rs13387042 polymorphism was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.11–1.16; P<10⁻⁵). Significant associations were also detected under co-dominant, dominant and recessive genetic models. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risks were found in Asians, Caucasians and Hispanic whites for the polymorphism in all comparisons; whereas no significant associations were found among Africans. In addition, we find 2q35-rs13387042 polymorphism conferred significantly risks for both ER-positive and ER-negative tumors. Furthermore, significant associations were also detected both in PR–positive and PR–negative cancer.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our findings demonstrated that rs13387042-A allele is a risk-conferring factors for the development of BC, especially in Asians, Caucasians and Hispanic whites.</p></div

Characteristics of studies included in a meta-analysis of the association between 2q35-rs13387042 and BC.

<p>NA: not applicable.</p

Results of meta-analysis for 2q35-rs13387042 polymorphism and BC risk.

a<p>Q statistic test used to assess the heterogeneity in subgroups.</p>b<p>Q statistic test used to assess the heterogeneity between subgroups.</p

Forest plot for association of 2q35-rs13387042 polymorphism and BC risk.

<p>Forest plot for association of 2q35-rs13387042 polymorphism and BC risk.</p

Per-allele OR for rs13387042-A variant and BC risk stratified by hormone receptor status.

a<p>Q statistic test used to assess the heterogeneity in subgroups.</p>b<p>Q statistic test used to assess the heterogeneity between subgroups.</p

Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy Measurements of Interactions between C₆₀ Fullerene Molecules

The hydrophobic effect is important for many biological and technological processes. Despite progress in theory, experimental data clarifying the structure of water and the interactions between hydrophobic solutes at the nanometer scale are scarce because of the very low solubility of hydrophobic species. This article describes single-molecule force spectroscopy measurements of interactions between single fullerene C60 molecules in water. The C60 molecules were tethered by flexible poly(ethylene glycol) linkers to AFM probes and substrates, removing the uncertainty of the aggregation state of solution-based approaches and spurious surface effects. Our analysis of the dependence of the measured most-probable rupture force on the most-probable loading rate considered the deviations from the conventional Bell−Evans model caused by the effects of the anharmonic tether, as well as by the finite depth and shape of the potential well. The kinetic parameters of the activation barrier width, the dissociation rate of the C60−C60 dimer, and the activation energy are reported. The measured values differ significantly from predictions based on molecular dynamics simulations, indicating that further advances in computer simulations are necessary for the development of a model showing quantitative agreement with experimental results

sj-docx-1-eab-10.1177_00139165241245829 – Supplemental material for The Mitigating Effects of Water Sound Attributes on Stress Responses to Traffic Noise

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-eab-10.1177_00139165241245829 for The Mitigating Effects of Water Sound Attributes on Stress Responses to Traffic Noise by Li Deng, Hope Hui Rising, Chao Gu and Anju Bimal in Environment and Behavior</p

supplement_material – Supplemental material for Visuospatial Working Memory Capacity in the Brain After Working Memory Training in College Students With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Supplemental material, supplement_material for Visuospatial Working Memory Capacity in the Brain After Working Memory Training in College Students With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial by Steven Woltering, Chao Gu, Zhong-Xu Liu and Rosemary Tannock in Journal of Attention Disorders</p

A Trialkylphosphine-Driven Chemical Transformation Route to Ag- and Bi-Based Chalcogenides

From the standpoint of chemistry, the metastable nature of nanocrystals provides us plentiful ground for the research of new nanoscale structural transformations. Herein, we report a new phenomenon that trialkylphosphine (TAP) can extract the Ag⁺ and Bi³⁺ from their nanostructural chalcogenides and reduce them to the zerovalent state. Based on this principle, a trialkylphosphine-driven chemical transformation route has been developed for the synthesis of a series of metals and metal-sulfide heterostructures with multiple sulfides as the precursors. Using this reaction principle, Ag, Bi, Ag-Ni₃S₂, Ag-ZnS, Ag-AgInS₂, Ag-Bi, and Bi-Cu₇S₄ nanostructures can be successively synthesized. These Ag- or Bi-based metal chalcogenide heteronanostructures with interesting optical properties or multifunctionalities could be of special interest for a variety of applications, including high-performance catalysis, biological and biomedical sensing, photovoltaic devices, and a new generation of optoelectronic devices

Effects of Multiple-Bond Ruptures in Force Spectroscopy Measurements of Interactions between Fullerene C₆₀ Molecules in Water

Interactions between fullerene C60 molecules in water were measured by force spectroscopy. Fullerene molecules were covalently connected to bifunctional water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linkers and subsequently tethered to the substrate and to the tip of the atomic force microscope to facilitate single molecule detection and avoid spurious surface effects. The distributions of rupture forces for substrates prepared with different incubation times of C60-PEG-NH2 exhibit high rupture forces that cannot be explained by the theoretical distribution of single molecule binding. Moreover, the relative amplitude of the high force peak in the histogram increases with incubation time. These observations are explained by attributing the measured high forces to the rupture of multiple bonds between fullerene molecules. Force spectroscopy data analysis based on the most probable forces gives significantly different dissociation rates for samples that exhibit different amplitudes of the high force peak. An approximate analytical model that considers ruptures of two bonds that are simultaneously loaded by tethers with different lengths is proposed. This model successfully fits the distributions of the rupture forces using the same set of kinetic parameters for samples prepared with different grafting densities. It is proposed that this model can be used as a common tool to analyze the probability distributions of rupture forces that contain peaks or shoulders on the high force side of the distribution