Case Studies of Environmental Visualization

The performance gap between simulation and reality has been identified as a major challenge to achieving sustainability in the Built Environment. While Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) surveys are an integral part of better understanding building performance, and thus addressing this issue, the importance of POE remains relatively unacknowledged within the wider Built Environment community. A possible reason that has been highlighted is that POE survey data is not easily understood and utilizable by non-expert stakeholders, including designers. A potential method by which to address this is the visualization method, which has well established benefits for communication of big datasets. This paper presents two case studies where EnViz (short for “Environmental Visualization”), a prototype software application developed for research purposes, was utilized and its effectiveness tested via a range of analysis tasks. The results are discussed and compared with those of previous work that utilized variations of the methods presented here. The paper concludes by presenting the lessons drawn from the five-year period of EnViz, emphasizing the potential of environmental visualization for decision support in environmental design and engineering for the built environment, and suggests directions for future development

Visualization 1: Differential-interference-contrast digital in-line holography microscopy based on a single-optical-element

Video 1 Originally published in Optics Letters on 01 November 2015 (ol-40-21-5015

Visualization 4

The video shows the evolutions of the intensity profile of the superposition of TF-TBBS with topological charge (5,-1) and radical index p=1, as show the Fig.4(j)-4(l)

Visualization 1

The video shows the evolutions of the intensity profile of the superposition of TF-TBBS with topological charge (3,-3) and radical index p=1, as show the Fig.4(a)-4(c)

Visualization 2

The video shows the evolutions of the intensity profile of the superposition of TF-TBBS with topological charge (4,-2) and radical index p=1, as show the Fig.4(d)-4(f)

Visualization 3

The video shows the evolutions of the intensity profile of the superposition of TF-TBBS with topological charge (5,-2) and radical index p=1, as show the Fig.4(g)-4(i)

Sorting of SMCs from RA-induced SM22α^−/−

<p>^{<b><i>LacZ</i></b>}<b> ESCs.</b> (A) Morphology change of SM22α^−/−LacZ ESCs under the treatment of DMSO (upper panel) or 10⁻⁵ M RA (lower panel) respectively as indicated time. (B) Comparison of β-gal staining of cells treated with either DMSO (left panel) or 10⁻⁵ M RA (right panel). The upper panel showed that β-gal staining positive cells accumulated with RA treatment time, while only sporadic β-gal staining positive cells existed in DMSO-treated cell population. The lower panel showed representative magnified images by day 8. Scale bar = 100 µm. (C–D) Using 5-chloromethylfluorescein di-β-D-galactopyranoside (FDG) to react with intracellular glutathione. In <i>LacZ</i>-positive cells derived from RA-induced SM22α^−/−LacZ ESCs, the FDG–glutathione adduct was converted to a bright green fluorescent product and <i>LacZ</i>-positive cells were subsequently sorted through a GFP channel (C) and cultured (D). Left panel: bright field; middle panel: GFP channel; right panel: merge. Scale bar = 100 µm. (E) Immunofluorescence staining of SMCs derived from sorted <i>LacZ</i>-positive cells with SMC-specific marker α-SMA antibody. The nuclei were co-stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 100 µm. (F) Gene expression of sorted cells analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, compared to undifferentiated ESCs (control, Ctrl) or cells before sorting. Before: before sorting; After: after sorting. *<i>p</i><0.05.</p

Representative SEM micrographs of NF scaffold and sorted SMCs seeded on the scaffold.

<p>(A–B) Low and high magnification images of the NF scaffold respectively. The cells were seeded and cultured for 24 hours and observed at low (C) or high (D) magnifications. Arrows indicate the cell aggregates inside the pores of scaffolds.</p

Histology of constructs implanted subcutaneously for 2 weeks.

<p>(A) β-gal staining. (Left) blank scaffold implants; (Right) cell-scaffold construct implants. Blue: positive <i>LacZ</i> staining; Red: nuclei. (B) H&E staining of cell-scaffold construct implants. Scale bar = 200 µm.</p