Long-term effects of reclamation on A) EC, B) salinity, and C) pH of coastal soils.

<p>* and ** indicate significant difference at <i>p</i><0.05 and <i>p</i><0.01 level, respectively.</p

Long-term influences of reclamation on stratification ratios of A) SOC, B) TN, and C) TP.

<p>* and ** indicate significant difference at <i>p</i><0.05 and <i>p</i><0.01 level, respectively.</p

Long-term effects of agricultural cultivation on the compositions of A) cations and B) anions.

<p>Long-term effects of agricultural cultivation on the compositions of A) cations and B) anions.</p

Long-term effects of reclamation on A) SOC, B) TN, and C) TP of the coastal marsh.

<p>* and ** indicate significant difference at <i>p</i><0.05 and <i>p</i><0.01 level, respectively.</p

Organic and chemical fertilizer applications during 1950s–1990s (source from the reference [23]).

<p>Organic and chemical fertilizer applications during 1950s–1990s (source from the reference <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0093727#pone.0093727-Liu1" target="_blank">[23]</a>).</p

Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs of organic and chemical fertilizer applications in 2007 (source from the reference [24]).

<p>Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs of organic and chemical fertilizer applications in 2007 (source from the reference <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0093727#pone.0093727-Zhu1" target="_blank">[24]</a>).</p

Long-term effects of reclamation on A) SAR, B) ESP, and C) RSC of the coastal marsh.

<p>^* indicates significant difference at <i>p</i><0.05.</p

Nocturia changes in all the patients (A; mean difference −0.16, 95% CI −0.64 to 0.33, p = 0.52) and subgroup analyses of nocturia in patients with either interstitial cystitis (IC) or detrusor overactivity (DO) (B; mean difference for IC −0.25, 95% CI −1.00 to 0.49, p = 0.51; mean difference for DO −0.09, 95% CI −0.73 to 0.55, p = 0.78). Incontinence changes in all the patients (C; mean difference −2.26, 95% CI −5.68 to 1.15, p = 0.19).

<p>Nocturia changes in all the patients (A; mean difference −0.16, 95% CI −0.64 to 0.33, p = 0.52) and subgroup analyses of nocturia in patients with either interstitial cystitis (IC) or detrusor overactivity (DO) (B; mean difference for IC −0.25, 95% CI −1.00 to 0.49, p = 0.51; mean difference for DO −0.09, 95% CI −0.73 to 0.55, p = 0.78). Incontinence changes in all the patients (C; mean difference −2.26, 95% CI −5.68 to 1.15, p = 0.19).</p

Intravesical Resiniferatoxin for the Treatment of Storage Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients with Either Interstitial Cystitis or Detrusor Overactivity: A Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>While Resin­iferatoxin (RTX) has been widely used for patients with storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), its clinical efficiency hasn't yet been well evaluated. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the exact roles of intravesical RTX for the treatment of storage LUTS in patients with either interstitial cystitis (IC) or detrusor overactivity (DO).</p><p>Methods</p><p>A meta-analysis of RTX treatment was performed through a comprehensive search of the literature. In total, 2,332 records were initially recruited, 1,907 from Elsevier, 207 from Medline and 218 from the Web of Science. No records were retrieved from the Embase or Cochrane Library. Seven trials with 355 patients were included and one trial was excluded because of the lack of extractable data. The analyses were all performed using RevMan 5.1 and MIX 2.0.</p><p>Results</p><p>Bladder pain was significantly reduced after RTX therapy in patients with either IC or DO. The average decrease of the visual an alogue pain scale was 0.42 after RTX treatment (p = 0.02). The maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) was significantly increased in patients with DO (MCC increase, 53.36 ml, p = 0.006) but not in those with IC (MCC increase, −19.1 ml, p = 0.35). No significant improvement in urinary frequency, nocturia, incontinence or the first involuntary detrusor contraction (FDC) was noted after RTX therapy (p = 0.06, p = 0.52, p = 0.19 and p = 0.41, respectively).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>RTX could significantly reduce bladder pain in patients with either IC or DO, and increase MCC in patients with DO; however, no significant improvement was observed in frequency, nocturia, incontinence or FDC. Given the limitations in the small patient size and risk of bias in the included trials, great caution should be taken when intravesical RTX is used before a large, multicenter, well-designed random control trial with a long-term follow-up is carried out to further assess the clinical efficacy of RTX in in patients with storage LUTS.</p></div

Visual an­alogue scale (VAS) score changes for bladder pain in all the patients (A; average decrease of VAS score 0.42, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.76, p = 0.02) and subgroup analyses in patients with either interstitial cystitis (IC) or detrusor overactivity (DO) (B; average decrease of VAS score for IC 0.35, 95% CI 0 to 0.7, p = 0.05; average decrease of VAS score for DO 1.4, 95% CI 0.03 to 2.77, p = 0.05).

<p>Visual an­alogue scale (VAS) score changes for bladder pain in all the patients (A; average decrease of VAS score 0.42, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.76, p = 0.02) and subgroup analyses in patients with either interstitial cystitis (IC) or detrusor overactivity (DO) (B; average decrease of VAS score for IC 0.35, 95% CI 0 to 0.7, p = 0.05; average decrease of VAS score for DO 1.4, 95% CI 0.03 to 2.77, p = 0.05).</p