Flavimycins A and B, Dimeric 1,3-Dihydroisobenzofurans with Peptide Deformylase Inhibitory Activity from <i>Aspergillus flavipes</i>

Flavimycins A (<b>1</b>) and B (<b>2</b>), novel dimeric 1,3-dihydroisobenzofurans, were isolated as inhibitors of peptide deformylase from cultures of <i>Aspergillus flavipes</i>. Their chemical structures were established by NMR and MS data analysis. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> exist as epimeric mixtures at C-1 through fast hemiacetal–aldehyde tautomerism. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> inhibited <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> peptide deformylase with IC₅₀ values of 35.8 and 100.1 μM, respectively. Consistent with their PDF inhibition, <b>1</b> showed two times stronger antibacterial activity than <b>2</b> on <i>S. aureus</i> including MRSA, with MIC values of 32–64 μg/mL

Additional file 4 of Capicua suppresses colorectal cancer progression via repression of ETV4 expression

Additional file 4: Figure S3. Increased expression ETV4 in colorectal tumors. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue samples from patients with CRC using anti-ETV4 antibody. ETV4 expression is dramatically increased in the tumor areas compared with that in the normal colon areas

Additional file 3 of Capicua suppresses colorectal cancer progression via repression of ETV4 expression

Additional file 3: Figure S2. Reduced expression of CIC in colorectal tumors. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue samples from patients with CRC using anti-CIC antibody. CIC expression is substantially decreased in the tumor areas compared with that in the normal colon areas

Additional file 2 of Capicua suppresses colorectal cancer progression via repression of ETV4 expression

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Mutations and expression levels of CIC in CRC patient samples. a Schematic illustration of the location of point mutations in CIC identified from patients with colorectal cancer. The image was captured from the cBioPortal database. b Analyses of two different datasets (GSE5206 and GSE20916) from COSMIC database for CIC mRNA levels in normal and colorectal tumor tissues. The numbers in parentheses indicate the number of subjects in each group

Additional file 1 of Capicua suppresses colorectal cancer progression via repression of ETV4 expression

Additional file 1: Table S1. List of CIC mutations in various types of cancers from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. Table S2. Clinical and pathological characteristics of the COAD patients in TCGA. Table S3. List of 9 CRC patient samples (for Fig. 1c, Additional file 3: Fig. S2 and Additional file 4: Fig. S3). CRC patient samples were provided by Soonchunhyang University Hospital (South Korea). Table S4. List of 4 CRC patients (for Fig. 1d). CRC patient samples were provided by Soonchunhyang University Hospital (South Korea)

<i>Streptomyces</i>-derived actinomycin D inhibits biofilm formation by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and its hemolytic activity

<p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a versatile human pathogen that produces diverse virulence factors, and its biofilm cells are difficult to eradicate due to their inherent ability to tolerate antibiotics. The anti-biofilm activities of the spent media of 252 diverse endophytic microorganisms were investigated using three <i>S. aureus</i> strains. An attempt was made to identify anti-biofilm compounds in active spent media and to assess their anti-hemolytic activities and hydrophobicities in order to investigate action mechanisms. Unlike other antibiotics, actinomycin D (0.5 μg ml⁻¹) from <i>Streptomyces parvulus</i> significantly inhibited biofilm formation by all three <i>S. aureus</i> strains. Actinomycin D inhibited slime production in <i>S. aureus</i> and it inhibited hemolysis by <i>S. aureus</i> and caused <i>S. aureus</i> cells to become less hydrophobic, thus supporting its anti-biofilm effect. In addition, surface coatings containing actinomycin D prevented <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm formation on glass surfaces. Given these results, FDA-approved actinomycin D warrants further attention as a potential antivirulence agent against <i>S. aureus</i> infections.</p

Reversible Switching of High-Speed Air−Liquid Two-Phase Flows Using Electrowetting-Assisted Flow-Pattern Change

This work is the first demonstration of electrical modulation of surface energy to reversibly switch dynamic high-speed gas−liquid two-phase microfluidic flow patterns. Manipulation of dynamic two-phase systems with continuous high-speed flows is complex and interesting due to the multiple types of forces that need to be considered. Here, distinct stable flow patterns are formed through a multipronged approach:  both surface tension forces generated by surface chemistry modulation as well as viscous and inertial forces produced by fluid flows are employed. The novel fluidic actuation mechanism provides insights into better understanding microscale two-phase flow dynamics and offers new opportunities for the development of two-phase biochemical microsystems that are mechanically simple and operational at high speeds

Reversible Switching of High-Speed Air−Liquid Two-Phase Flows Using Electrowetting-Assisted Flow-Pattern Change

This work is the first demonstration of electrical modulation of surface energy to reversibly switch dynamic high-speed gas−liquid two-phase microfluidic flow patterns. Manipulation of dynamic two-phase systems with continuous high-speed flows is complex and interesting due to the multiple types of forces that need to be considered. Here, distinct stable flow patterns are formed through a multipronged approach:  both surface tension forces generated by surface chemistry modulation as well as viscous and inertial forces produced by fluid flows are employed. The novel fluidic actuation mechanism provides insights into better understanding microscale two-phase flow dynamics and offers new opportunities for the development of two-phase biochemical microsystems that are mechanically simple and operational at high speeds