Unintentional F doping of the surface of SrTiO3(001) etched in HF acid -- structure and electronic properties

We show that the HF acid etch commonly used to prepare SrTiO3(001) for heteroepitaxial growth of complex oxides results in a non-negligible level of F doping within the terminal surface layer of TiO2. Using a combination of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanned angle x-ray photoelectron diffraction, we determine that on average ~13 % of the O anions in the surface layer are replaced by F, but that F does not occupy O sites in deeper layers. Despite this perturbation to the surface, the Fermi level remains unpinned, and the surface-state density, which determines the amount of band bending, is driven by factors other than F doping. The presence of F at the STO surface is expected to result in lower electron mobilities at complex oxide heterojunctions involving STO substrates because of impurity scattering. Unintentional F doping can be substantially reduced by replacing the HF-etch step with a boil in deionized water, which in conjunction with an oxygen tube furnace anneal, leaves the surface flat and TiO2 terminated.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure

MY NASA DATA Brochure

This trifold brochure explains the MY NASA DATA project for K-12 educators and citizen scientists. The brochure covers topics such as What is a microset? What kind of microsets are available? Sample Graphs. Educational Resources and Standards. How can I get help? and What is Required? It also provides contact information and guidelines on the various ways to participate in the MY NASA DATA community. The project is part of NASA's Research Education and Applications Solutions Network (REASoN) program. Brochure is available in color or black & white. Educational levels: Primary elementary, Intermediate elementary, Middle school, High school

Representations of the oil encounter in Amitav Ghosh's The circle of reason

This article analyses the handling of generic form in the middle section of Amitav Ghosh’s The Circle of Reason (1986), a section which has hitherto received little critical attention and which some readers find puzzling. In particular, it examines two literary modes used by Ghosh in representing a fictional Middle Eastern state: the picaresque and social realism. This well-demarcated textual focus forms the foundation for larger points about Ghosh’s writing, his critique of contemporary capitalist values and Western imperialism. Additionally, the article adumbrates ways in which Ghosh’s critique of the Oil Encounter can be connected to recent political developments, such as the so-called "war on terror". It is also a significant contribution to writing on oil. Colonial sugar, spice, and even cod have all received due attention, while oil, the author suggests, remains woefully under-discussed, given its determining role in contemporary economies

Working with the Alaska Board of Fisheries: Guidance for Fishermen

Did you know that Alaska residents and fishermen can submit proposals to the Alaska Board of Fisheries, to change resource management laws and create new regulations? This bulletin tells how to maximize your effectiveness in the process—which forms to submit, when to do so, and how to prepare oral and written testimony. You can propose changes to regulations on subsistence, commercial, personal use, sport, guided sport, and guided sport ecotourism finfish. The Alaska Board of Fisheries meets 4 to 6 times each year in different locations around Alaska to address regulations for fishery management and hear public comment.Ye

Labeling Requirements for Alaska Seafood Processors

Alaska commercial seafood processors must label their product according to state and federal regulations. This bulletin makes clear what information is required—company name, name of seafood, ingredients (if applicable), permit number, date, weight, care of product, etc. In addition, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires larger companies to state nutritional content on the label. Getting your labels right is an important part of running a legal, profitable business!Ye

A Short duration Industrial Project Scheme

The aims and implementation of a short-duration industrial project program run at the University of Sheffield is discussed. The project is designed for second-year undergraduates studying electronic and electrical engineering and lasts for seven days. Topics covered include the selection of suitable projects, the project briefing, the investigation of a problem, the project presentation, report, and project appraisal. Examples of specific problems that have been tackled are included, and the future of the program is examine

Discharge from critical care into the community for end-of-life care

This article discusses the considerations and actions taken to facilitate the discharge of a ventilated end-of-life patient called Michael, whose name has been changed for confidentiality, from a critical care unit (CCU) to his expressed preferred place of care. It focuses on how the district nurse (DN) and the single point of access (SPA) for end-of-life care teams by working between primary and secondary care services and across organisational service units were able to facilitate this discharge and achieve the wishes of Michael to die peacefully at home. For all services involved, this proved to be a complex discharge and following completion of the care episode a root cause analysis was undertaken to capture the lessons learnt and advise the CCU at a services debrief how discharges to the community from the CCU could be improved