Cumulative change from baseline in (A) body mass and fat mass from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, (B) fasting lipoproteins, (C) insulin resistance determined from homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), and (D) blood pressure in 16 subjects who switched to a very low carbohydrate diet and then incrementally increased carbohydrate every 3 wk over six sequential phases (C1→C2→C3→C4→C5→C6).

<p>BL  =  baseline, FL  =  free-living low-carbohydrate diet). Significant differences from Baseline vs C1 were determined by dependent t-test and indicated by an asterisk. Differences from C1 to C6 were determined by repeated measures ANOVA and Fisher's LSD post hoc. Different letters at a time point indicate statistical significance.</p

Daily nutrient intakes at baseline (habitual diet) and during each dietary phase¹.

<p><i>¹Values are mean ± SD.</i></p><p><i>²Determined from 3-day diet records.</i></p><p>Daily nutrient intakes at baseline (habitual diet) and during each dietary phase^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0113605#nt105" target="_blank">1</a>}.</p

Baseline subject characteristics¹.

<p><i>¹Values are mean ± SD (range).</i></p><p><i>²Determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.</i></p><p><i>³HOMA  =  homeostatic model assessment  =  [fasting glucose (mmol/L) x insulin (mU/L)]/22.5.</i></p><p><i>*5 subjects were using anti-hypertensive medications.</i></p><p>Baseline subject characteristics^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0113605#nt101" target="_blank">1</a>}.</p

Plasma fatty acid responses¹.

<p><i>¹Values are mean ± SD from 16. SFA  =  total saturated fatty acids; MUFA  =  total monounsaturated fatty acids.</i></p><p><i>²C1  =  lowest carbohydrate diet and C6  =  highest carbohydrate intake.</i></p><p><i>³3wk run-in diet phase before entering feeding portion of study.</i></p><p><i>⁴Dependent t-test (Baseline vs C1).</i></p><p>Plasma fatty acid responses^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0113605#nt107" target="_blank">1</a>}.</p