MICORRIZAS DA TRANSAMAZÔNICA (BR-230) E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO CULTIVO DO PARICÁ

The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of seedlings of paricá from the Amazon inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), both from the Transamazônica, as a technology proposal for the sustainable production of superior seedlings for use in commercial planting or revegetation in the Transamazônica (BR 230). Soil samples were collected from Octuber/2012 to January/2013 on the Transamazônica highway and sent to the Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology of the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Altamira campus, for spore extraction and inoculant substrate formulation. After overcoming dormancy and disinfestation, paricá seeds were seeded in a vase containing Dystroferric Red Latosol mixed with washed river sand (1:1 v/v) and homogenized with 50 mL of the inoculant substrate. The response to mycorrhization was evaluated through the variables: final plant height, height gain, fresh aerial mass, fresh root mass, dry aerial mass and dry mass of the root system. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with two treatments (with and without mycorrhizae), completely at random and with 20 replicates. After 90 days of sowing, the effect of the AMF from the Transamazônica was positive for all the variables tested, especially in the root length, compared to the non colonized seedlings. It is concluded that the symbiosis between the Paricá and the AMS, both adapted to the Transamazônica, constitutes an advantageous technology, because the plants become more ecologically competitive and apt to the transplanting to the field. KEYWORDS: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Plant growth, Seedling production. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el desarrollo de mudas de paricá de la Amazonia inoculadas con hongos micorrílicos arbusculares (HMA), ambos oriundos de la Transamazônica, como propuesta de tecnología en la producción sustentable de mudas superiores para uso en plantación comercial o revegetación en la Transamazônica (BR 230), PA. Muestras de suelo fueron recolectadas en el período de octubre / 2012 a enero / 2013 en la Ruta Transamazônica y encaminadas al Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental de la Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), campus de Altamira, para extracción de las esporas y formulación del sustrato inoculante. Después de la superación de adormecimiento y desinfestación, las semillas de paricá se sembraron en un vaso que contenía Latossolo Rojo Distroférrico mezclado con arena de río lavada (1:1 v/v) y homogeneizado con 50 mL del sustrato inoculante. La respuesta a la micorrización fue evaluada por medio de las variables: altura final de las plantas, ganancia de altura, masa fresca de la parte aérea, masa fresca del sistema radicular, masa seca de la parte aérea y masa seca del sistema radicular. El experimento fue conducido en casa de vegetación, con dos tratamientos (con y sin micorriza), enteramente al azar y con 20 repeticiones. Después de 90 días de la siembra, el efecto de los HMA de la Transamazônica fue positivo para todas las variables probadas, sobre todo, en la longitud de raíz, en comparación con las mudas no colonizadas. Se concluye que la simbiosis entre el paricá y los HMA, ambos adaptados a la Transamazônica, constituye una tecnología ventajosa, pues las plantas se vuelven más competitivas ecológicamente y aptas al trasplante para el campo.PALABRAS CLAVE: Crecimiento de plantas, Hongos micorrízicos arbusculares, Producción de mudas.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de paricá da Amazônia inoculadas com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs), ambos oriundos da Transamazônica, como proposta de tecnologia na produção sustentável de mudas superiores para uso em plantio comercial ou revegetação na Transamazônica (BR 230), PA. Amostras de solo foram coletadas no período de outubro/2012 a janeiro/2013 na Rodovia Transamazônica e encaminhadas para o Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), campus de Altamira, para extração dos esporos e formulação do substrato inoculante. Após a superação de dormência e desinfestação, as sementes de paricá foram semeadas em vaso contendo Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico misturado a areia de rio lavada (1:1 v/v) e homogeneizado com 50 mL do substrato inoculante. A resposta à micorrização foi avaliada por meio das variáveis: altura final das plantas, ganho de altura, massa fresca da parte aérea, massa fresca do sistema radicular, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca do sistema radicular. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, com dois tratamentos (com e sem micorriza), inteiramente ao acaso e com 20 repetições. Após 90 dias da semeadura, o efeito dos FMAs da transamazônica foi positivo para todas as variáveis testadas, sobretudo, no comprimento de raiz, comparativamente às mudas não colonizadas. Conclui-se que a simbiose entre o paricá e os FMAs, ambos adaptados à Transamazônica, constitui uma tecnologia vantajosa, pois as plantas tornam-se mais competitivas ecologicamente e aptas ao transplante para o campo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Crescimento de plantas, Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares, Produção de mudas

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: a dataset of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest

The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer-reviewed and grey literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive dataset of inventories of mammal, bird and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete dataset comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals - Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds - Pauxi tuberosa (3,713 records); and reptiles - Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens-up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The dataset is not copyright restricted; please cite this data-paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using this data

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: A data set of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest

The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer-reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data