Applying Intermediate Microeconomics to Terrorism

The authors show how microeconomic concepts and principles are applicable to the study of terrorism. The utility maximization model provides insights into both terrorist resource allocation choices and government counterterrorism efforts, while basic game theory helps characterize the strategic interdependencies among terrorists and governments.terrorism; rational choice model; income and substitution effects; Slutsky equation; game theory; prisoners’ dilemma; chicken; public goods

The Master's Degree: Basic Preparation for Professional Practice

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Observations upon Bogs of Northern Iowa

Observations upon bogs in the vicinity of the Okoboji Lakes in Northern Iowa were made in summers of 1936-37-38. The area was about thirty-five by twenty-five miles. The locations of these hogs are for the most part on the east or north slope of glacial hills in the Wisconsin and Iowan drift sheets. In general these bogs are rounded elevations a foot to twenty feet in height. Water issues from the apex of a mound and flows down over the surfaces forming small pools. The flow is independent of local rainfall. The temperature is uniform in all bogs studied although they were miles apart. The temperature was 8½ to 9½ degrees Centigrade. There is a general agreement in the chemical content of the bog waters and in the pH measurement. This is true only of the issuing waters. As the water moves clown the slope it changes rapidly in temperature and content. Considerable variation was observed in pools situated a few feet from each other. These changes were sharply reflected in plant and animal life

Some Quartzite Pebbles

Near Luverne in Southwest Minnesota a ledge of quartzite extends northeast to southwest for a few miles. At one point along this ledge a quarry not now in operation has left an almost perpendicular face of some fifty feet. In this face are found crevices of varying widths. In one width of 8 to 12 inches and running back an undetermined distance, angular fragments of quartzite were found. Among them some rounded pebbles were obtained. The feature called to your attention is the symmetrical form and the highly polished surfaces of these pebbles. The surfaces of some are nearly as well polished as that on the quartzite in Gitchie Manitou Park in Northwest Iowa. The polishing there has been attributed to the work of the wind carrying fine sand or soil. The pebbles from the crevice show no glacial scratches or markings. Some water, especially that of melting snows, may be a factor in the polishing. But the chief cause is probably the wind carrying fine particles and circulating through the crevice

High-Dimensional Mutant and Modular Thermodynamic Cycles, Molecular Switching, and Free Energy Transduction

Understanding how distinct parts of proteins produce coordinated behavior has driven and continues to drive advances in protein science and enzymology. However, despite consensus about the conceptual basis for allostery, the idiosyncratic nature of allosteric mechanisms resists general approaches. Computational methods can identify conformational transition states from structural changes, revealing common switching mechanisms that impose multistate behavior. Thermodynamic cycles use factorial perturbations to measure coupling energies between side chains in molecular switches that mediate shear during domain motion. Such cycles have now been complemented by modular cycles that measure energetic coupling between separable domains. For one model system, energetic coupling between domains has been shown to be quantitatively equivalent to that between dynamic side chains. Linkages between domain motion, switching residues, and catalysis make nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis conditional on domain movement, confirming an essential yet neglected aspect of free energy transduction and suggesting the potential generality of these studies

The universal Christian mission in the first gospel and the Acts of the Apostles

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