1,677 research outputs found
Biodemography: Research prospects and directions
The purpose of this opinion report is to outline what I consider to be the most promising areas for future biodemographic research and to suggest ways in which the field can be moved forward. I discuss five major themes: i) biodemography of disability; ii) ecological, developmental, behavioral and evolutionary biodemography; iii) biodemography of sociality; iv) genomic and genetic biodemography; and v) biodemographic modeling and analysis. I consider the last two areas (genomics/genetics; modeling/analysis) as both stand-alone topics and cross-cutting concepts. At the end of the paper I present ideas for charting the future course including strengthening and expanding infrastructure, database and website development, organizing conferences, submitting new training grants, and integrating biodemography into teaching programs.biodemography, frailty, life span, longevity
A Partition Theorem for a Randomly Selected Large Population
We state and prove a proposition on partitioning of a randomly selected large
population into stationary and non-stationary populations by using a property
of stationary population identity. Applicability of this theorem for practical
purposes is summarized at the end.Comment: 7 pages, a new result in population dynamic
Diet Shapes Mortality Response to Trauma in Old Tephritid Fruit Flies.
Despite the importance of trauma in healthspan and lifespan in humans as well as in non-human species, with one important exception the literature in both gerontology and ecology contains virtually no experimental demographic studies concerned with trauma in any species. We used dietary manipulation [full diet (F) versus sugar-only (S)] to produce four levels of frailty in 55-day old tephritid fruit flies (Anastrepha ludens) that were then subject to the trauma of cage transfer stress (n = 900/sex in each of the 4 treatments). The key results included the following: (1) there is a trauma effect caused by the transfer that depends on previous diet before transfer, new diet after transfer and gender of the fly; (2) males are more vulnerable than females; (3) if initial diet was F, flies are relatively immune against the trauma, and the subsequent diet (F or S) does not matter; (4) however if initial diet was S, then the effect of the trauma depends largely on the diet after the transfer; (5) flies transferred from S to F diets do very well in terms of remaining longevity (i.e. greatest remaining longevity), while flies transferred from S to S diet do poorly (i.e. shortest remaining longevity). We discuss both the strengths and weaknesses of this study and implications of the results
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Stationary status of discrete and continuous age-structured population models
From Leonhard Euler to Alfred Lotka and in recent years understanding the stationary process of the human population has been of central interest to scientists. Population reproductive measure NRR (net reproductive rate) has been widely associated with measuring the status of population stationarity and it is also included as one of the measures in the millennium development goals. This article argues how the partition theorem-based approach provides more up-to-date and timely measures to find the status of the population stationarity of a country better than the NRR-based approach. We question the timeliness of the value of NRR in deciding the stationary process of the country. We prove associated theorems on discrete and continuous age distributions and derive measurable functional properties. The partitioning metric captures the underlying age structure dynamic of populations at or near stationarity. As the population growth rates for an ever-increasing number of countries trend towards replacement levels and below, new demographic concepts and metrics are needed to better characterize this emerging global demography
Measuring Australian Preservice Teachers’ Asia Capability and Perceived Readiness to Teach the Asia Cross-Curricular Priority.
Preservice teachers are soon-to-be graduates expected to deliver the Cross-Curricular Priority ‘Asia and Australia’s Engagement with Asia’. Teachers of all learning areas are expected to teach about Asia, irrespective of their knowledge or capabilities in Asian contexts. The curriculum review has revised expectations for ‘Asia literacy’ in graduates. The changes de-emphasise cultural knowledge, and instead, promote relationship-building and intercultural understanding. This research identified 31 preservice teachers’ perceptions of their Asia literacy and preparedness to teach the related curriculum initiative. Grainger and Christie’s (2016) linguistic model was used to define and measure Asia literacy. Thematic analysis identified (1) how participants conceptualised ‘meeting’ expectations for Asia literacy, and (2) how the tertiary provider might better respond to their learning needs. Like previous research (see Australian Government, 2023; Halse & Cairns, 2018), we found that most respondents felt unqualified to teach about Asia. Participants expressed the desire for more content knowledge, authentic opportunities (such as in-country experience or language capability), and pedagogical skills. We argue that the national improvement of Asia literacy in preservice teachers is tied to its assessment. There is a need to consistently define, delimit and assess Asia literacy within a framework of cultural literacy. These theoretical considerations underlie future, systemic efforts to track and evaluate a long-term government initiative
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