20 research outputs found
A distance measure of interval-valued belief structures
Interval-valued belief structures are generalized from belief function theory, in terms of basic belief assignments from crisp to interval numbers. The distance measure has long been an essential tool in belief function theory, such as conflict evidence combinations, clustering analysis, belief function and approximation. Researchers have paid much attention and proposed many kinds of distance measures. However, few works have addressed distance measures of interval-valued belief structures up. In this paper, we propose a method to measure the distance of interval belief functions. The method is based on an interval-valued one-dimensional Hausdorff distance and Jaccard similarity coefficient. We show and prove its properties of non-negativity, non-degeneracy, symmetry and triangle inequality. Numerical examples illustrate the validity of the proposed distance
Interlayer ferroelectric polarization modulated anomalous Hall effects in four-layer MnBi2Te4 antiferromagnets
Van der Waals (vdW) assembly could efficiently modulate the symmetry of
two-dimensional (2D) materials that ultimately governs their physical
properties. Of particular interest is the ferroelectric polarization being
introduced by proper vdW assembly that enables the realization of novel
electronic, magnetic and transport properties of 2D materials. Four-layer
antiferromagnetic MnBi2Te4 (F-MBT) offers an excellent platform to explore
ferroelectric polarization effects on magnetic order and topological transport
properties of nanomaterials. Here, by applying symmetry analyses and
density-functional-theory calculations, the ferroelectric interface effects on
magnetic order, anomalous Hall effect (AHE) or even quantum AHE (QAHE) on the
F-MBT are analyzed. Interlayer ferroelectric polarization in F-MBT efficiently
violates the PT symmetry (the combination symmetry of central inversion (P) and
time reverse (T) of the F-MBT by conferring magnetoelectric couplings, and
stabilizes a specific antiferromagnetic order encompassing a ferromagnetic
interface in the F-MBT. We predict that engineering an interlayer polarization
in the top or bottom interface of F-MBT allows converting F-MBT from a trivial
insulator to a Chern insulator. The switching of ferroelectric polarization at
the middle interfaces results in a direction reversal of the quantum anomalous
Hall current. Additionally, the interlayer polarization of the top and bottom
interfaces can be aligned in the same direction, and the switching of
polarization direction also reverses the direction of anomalous Hall currents.
Overall, our work highlights the occurrence of quantum-transport phenomena in
2D vdW four-layer antiferromagnets through vdW assembly. These phenomena are
absent in the bulk or thin-film in bulk-like stacking forms of MnBi2Te4
Independent Control of the Chirality and Polarity for the Magnetic Vortex in Symmetric Nanodot Pairs
Enhanced glioma cell death with ZnO nanorod flowers and temozolomide combination therapy through autophagy and mitophagy pathways
In recent years, the application of engineered NMts has significantly contributed to various biomedical fields. ZnO NMts (ZnO NMts) are widely utilized due to their biocompatibility, unique physical and chemical properties, stability, and cost-effectiveness for large-scale production. They have emerged as potential materials for anti-cancer applications. This study aims to study the impact of ZnO Nanorod flowers (ZnO NRfs) and their combination with temozolomide (TMZ) on glioma cells. Normal mouse microglia (BV2) will be used as a control to assess the effects on mouse glioma cells (G422) and human glioma cells (LN229). The effects of these substances were evaluated on G422 and LN229 cells through various parameters such as IC50 value, Zn2+ accumulation, ROS production, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization, and examination of organelles like mitochondria and lysosomes. Additionally, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), endothelial cell PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1), autophagy markers (LC3), mitophagy and phagocytosis marker (BNIP3) were assessed. The results demonstrated that the combination of ZnO NRfs and TMZ could influence the expression of HIF-1α, EPAS1, LC3, and BNIP3 proteins, leading to mitophagy in glioma cells. This combination treatment has the potential to effectively eliminate glioma cells by activating the mitophagy pathway, which provides a good prospect for the clinical treatment of glioma
Mutual optical intensity propagation through non-ideal two-dimensional mirrors
The mutual optical intensity (MOI) model is a partially coherent radiation propagation tool that can sequentially simulate beamline optics and provide beam intensity, local degree of coherence and phase distribution at any location along a beamline. This paper extends the MOI model to non-ideal two-dimensional (2D) optical systems, such as ellipsoidal and toroidal mirrors with 2D figure errors. Simulation results show that one can tune the trade-off between calculation efficiency and accuracy by varying the number of wavefront elements. The focal spot size of an ellipsoidal mirror calculated with 100â
Ăâ
100 elements gives less than 0.4% deviation from that with 250â
Ăâ
250 elements, and the computation speed is nearly two orders of magnitude faster. Effects of figure errors on 2D focusing are also demonstrated for a non-ideal ellipsoidal mirror and by comparing the toroidal and ellipsoidal mirrors. Finally, the MOI model is benchmarked against the multi-electron Synchrotron Radiation Workshop (SRW) code showing the model's high accuracy
Pure Spin Transport in YIG Films with AmorphousâtoâCrystalline Transformation
Abstract Magnetic insulators, especially Y3Fe5O12 (YIG), are considered promising candidates for spinâbased device applications due to their ultralow damping, high spin injection efficiency, and longâdistance spin propagation. However, these intriguing features are widely studied based on crystallization YIG films. Pure spin phenomena, like spin transport in YIG films with structural evolution, remain unclear. Herein, pure spin transportation is systematically investigated in the sandwich structure formed by YIG, the inserted layerânominal YIG (nâYIG) with a varied crystalline structure and heavy metal Platinum (Pt). By applying ferromagnetic resonance (FMR)âdriven inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) measurement, the detected ISHE voltage signal presented a strong correlation with the thickness of nâYIG and its crystalline phase. A significant increasement in spin transportation is obtained for the crystallized nâYIG via a highâtemperature annealing. These results demonstrate that pure spin current is transported availably in the structural evolution of YIG films. Furthermore, the elementâspecific Xâray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Xâray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra on the nâYIG films showed a distinction for the crystallized nâYIG which indicates that the spin propagation is correlated to its magnetic order. These findings are instructive for lowâdissipation spinâbased devices
Temperature-induced structure evolution in CoxBy liquids studied by ab initio molecular dynamics simulation
The relationship between the local structures and the thermodynamic properties of metallic liquids has been a fundamental issue, which significantly impacts the comprehensive performances of metallic materials. The temperature-induced structure evolution in CoxBy alloy liquids, involving CoB, Co2B, Co3B, and Co23B6, was investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the clusters of icosahedral-like polyhedrons are found predominantly in all alloys at low temperature, while the heating induces the decrease in ideal icosahedral and the increase in defected icosahedral. At high temperature, the polyhedron clusters decrease significantly and the ideal icosahedra transforms into smaller short-range polyhedrons, signifying the temperature-induced chemical structure change from long-range to short-range ordering. The aggregation of B atoms at high temperature is confirmed by atomic configuration, charge density, and B-centered Voronoi polyhedrons, and the α-Co single phase is observed below 1600 K. This study is helpful for understanding the local structure variability in eutectic Co-B alloys and guiding solidification path in theory
Monte Carlo simulation on a new artificial spin ice lattice consisting of hexagons and three-moment vertices
A new artificial spin ice lattice called vortex lattice is proposed based on the Kagome
lattice. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to investigate the magnetization reversal
process of the new artificial spin ice lattice at external magnetic field and different
lattice parameters. The results demonstrate some interesting phenomena which are different
from Kagome lattice. There are four typical sub-structures emerged in the vortex lattice,
which are clockwise and counter-clockwise hexagons, and frustrated +3q and -3q vertices.
The occurrence frequency of the four sub-structures change dramatically at different
lattice parameter. The new lattice can be partially frustrated at different lattice
parameter
Reducing the Halotolerance Gap between Sensitive and Resistant Tomato by Spraying Melatonin
Salt stress is one of the primary abiotic stresses that negatively affects agricultural production. Melatonin, as a useful hormone in plants, has been shown to play positive roles in crop improvement to abiotic stress conditions. However, it remains unclear whether spraying melatonin could reduce the halotolerance gap between tomato genotypes with different salt sensitivities. Here, plant growth, H2O2 content, electrolyte leakage, antioxidant system, gas exchange, pigment content, and chloroplast ultrastructure of salt sensitive genotype (SG) and resistant genotype (RG) at CK (control), M (spraying melatonin), S (salt), and SM (spraying melatonin under salt stress) were investigated. The results showed that the weight, height, and stem diameter of the plant at SM from both genotypes significantly increased compared with S. The plant undergoing SM from both genotypes showed significantly decreased H2O2 but increased activity of SOD, APX, GR, and GSH, as well as net photosynthetic rate and Fv/Fm, as compared with S. The ratio between SM and S (SM/S) of SG was significantly higher than that of RG in terms of plant height and stem diameter, whereas antioxidant parameters, H2O2 content, and electrolyte leakage showed no difference between RG and SG in SM/S. The SM/S of SG in terms of photosynthetic parameters and pigment content were significantly higher than that of RG. Chloroplast ultrastructure showed remarkable changes under salt stress, whereas spraying melatonin reduced the destruction of chloroplasts, especially for SG. We concluded that spraying melatonin reduces the halotolerance gap between SG and RG by photosynthesis regulation instead of the antioxidant mechanism. This indicated that the positive roles of melatonin on tomato plants at salt stress depend on the genotype sensitivity