Table_1_Real-world national trends and socio-economic factors preference of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in China.docx

BackgroundsRobust evidence have demonstrated the beneficial effect of Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) in T2D patients with cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. Multiple studies analyzed patterns and predictors of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA in the US, Europe and worldwide. However, there is no study about the utilization of these two classes of drugs in real-world in China.MethodA total of 181743 prescriptions of SGLT2i and 59720 GLP-1RA were retrospectively pooled from Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperation Project from 2018 to 2021. The social-economic characteristics of patients and prescribers, including age, gender, residency, hospital level, insurance type, department visited, and payment amount, were collected and analyzed to study trends and risk factors associated with preference among two antidiabetics.ResultsAnnual number of prescriptions of SGLT2i significantly increased to approximately 140 folds, while GLP-1RA increased to about 6.5 folds. After adjustment for socio-economic information, several patients or physician characteristics were positively associated with the preference of GLP-1RA, including female gender (OR 1.581, 95% CI 1.528-1.635), residents in second-tier cities (OR 1.194, 95% CI 1.148-1.142), visiting primary or secondary hospital level (OR 2.387, 95% CI 2.268-2.512); while other factors were associated with the preference of SGLT2i, including older adults (OR 0.713, 95% CI 0.688-0.739), uncovered by insurance (OR 0.310, 95% CI 0.293-0.329), visiting other departments compared with endocrinology. In addition, the share of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA was low but in an increasing tendency.ConclusionsSGLT2i and GLP-1RA prescription significantly increased from 2018 to 2021. The socio-economic risk factors in choosing SGLT2i or GLP-1RA highlight an effort required to reduce disparities and improve health outcomes.</p

Phosphine-Catalyzed Diastereo- and Enantioselective Michael Addition of β‑Carbonyl Esters to β‑Trifluoromethyl and β‑Ester Enones: Enhanced Reactivity by Inorganic Base

A novel chiral biamide–phosphine multifunctional catalyst has been developed that mediates the asymmetric intermolecular Michael addition of β-carbonyl esters to β-trifluoromethyl enones and 3-aroyl acrylates in the presence of competing methyl acrylate and the inorganic base. This method provides a facile access to structurally diverse trifluoromethyl and quaternary stereogenic centers with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee) and good diastereoselectivity (up to 13:1 dr). The addition of the inorganic base (K₃PO₄) does not cause the background racemic reaction and enhances the reactivity by serving as a co-catalyst

Cyclodextrin-Responsive Micelles Based on Poly(ethylene glycol)–Polypeptide Hybrid Copolymers as Drug Carriers

Novel drug carriers based on poly­(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–polypeptide copolymers, four-armed poly­(ε-adamantane-l-lysine)₂-block-poly­(ethylene glycol)-block-poly­(ε-adamantane-l-lysine)₂ (PLys­(Ad)₂-<i>b</i>-PEG-<i>b</i>-PLys­(Ad)₂), have been prepared. The copolymers were synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization of amino acid <i>N</i>-carboxyanhydrides. The copolymers could spontaneously form core–shell micelles in aqueous solutions. It has been found that these micelles undergo triggered disassembly in response to an additional β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The in vitro drug release in response to β-CD has been studied, and the result shows that the release of the entrapped drug doxorubicin (DOX) from the micelles could be accelerated by the addition of β-CD. Their cytotoxicity and cell internalization behavior were also investigated in detail. These micelles are expected to have great potential in controlled drug release applications

Screenshot of PopSc online calculator.

<p>Screenshot of PopSc online calculator.</p

Feasibility Study on Prenatal Cardiac Screening Using Four-Dimensional Ultrasound with Spatiotemporal Image Correlation: A Multicenter Study - Fig 1

<p>Multiplanar mode (4CV as the original acquisition plane): (A) 4CV; (B) DA; (C) transverse section of plane A. LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; DAO, descending aorta; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; 4CV, four-chamber view; DA, ductal arch.</p

Single-factor analysis.

<p>Single-factor analysis.</p

ROC curve for predicting the influence factor of STIC quality.

<p>ROC curve for predicting the influence factor of STIC quality.</p

Maternal and data characteristics among the three centers.

<p>Maternal and data characteristics among the three centers.</p

Carbon-Dot-Decorated Carbon Nitride Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy against Hypoxic Tumor <i>via</i> Water Splitting

Hypoxia, a typical feature of solid tumors, remarkably restricts the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, a carbon nitride (C₃N₄)-based multifunctional nanocomposite (PCCN) for light-driven water splitting was used to solve this problem. Carbon dots were first doped with C₃N₄ to enhance its red region absorption because red light could be used to trigger the <i>in vivo</i> water splitting process. Then, a polymer containing a protoporphyrin photosensitizer, a polyethylene glycol segment, and a targeting Arg-Gly-Asp motif was synthesized and introduced to carbon-dot-doped C₃N₄ nanoparticles. <i>In vitro</i> study showed that PCCN, thus obtained, could increase the intracellular O₂ concentration and improve the reactive oxygen species generation in both hypoxic and normoxic environments upon light irradiation. Cell viability assay demonstrated that PCCN fully reversed the hypoxia-triggered PDT resistance, presenting a satisfactory growth inhibition of cancer cells in an O₂ concentration of 1%. <i>In vivo</i> experiments also indicated that PCCN had superior ability to overcome tumor hypoxia. The use of water splitting materials exhibited great potential to improve the intratumoral oxygen level and ultimately reverse the hypoxia-triggered PDT resistance and tumor metastasis

Summaries of the included statistics into PopSc.

<p>Summaries of the included statistics into PopSc.</p