The future of lease accounting and its impact on corporate real estate decisions

Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2011.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-94).This thesis explores the likely impacts the proposed changes to lease accounting would have on corporate real estate decisions. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (SFASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) plan to establish a unified set of principle-based accounting systems into a unified set of principle-based standards in an effort to improve financial transparency and comparability across world markets. One component of this plan, centered on reform of current lease accounting standards, would eliminate the distinction between capital and operating leases and require almost all leases to be recognized as an asset and liability on the balance sheet. This represents a significant departure from the current accounting guidance under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which requires American companies are only required to disclose only limited information about future operating lease requirements in the footnotes of financial statements. What's more, empirical evidence suggests that many companies structure leases to obtain this type of offbalance- sheet financing that operating leases afford. For companies with relatively large operating lease portfolios, the new accounting standards would have a significant impact on their balance sheets. If these companies consider accounting treatment in their real estate decisions, they may be inclined to pursue alternative real estate strategies to mitigate this impact. That being said, the corporate real estate decision-making process is complex; therefore any strategy aimed at achieving a specific accounting treatment must consider other relevant and potentially more important factors. This study analyzes the proposed changes to lease accounting and explores how corporate real estate managers consider the effects of accounting in their real estate decisions. Specific hypotheses are tested through targeted interviews with a diverse group of public and private tenants and landlords to identify the variables that would determine a particular company's incentive to change its real estate strategy in response to new accounting guidelines. Results of interviews are discussed and predictions are made regarding the future of real estate leasing strategies.by Timothy R. Canon and Christina A. Fenbert.S.M.in Real Estate Developmen

The Impact of Economic Growth and Unemployment Rate on Poverty in Sulawesi

This research aims to analyze several fators that may impact the provincial poverty rate in Sulawesi. Several factors considered in this research is the economic growth (growth of Gross Regional Domestic Product) and Unemployment Rate. This research uses secondary data from Central Statistics Bureau (Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS). This research uses panel data analysis on six provinces in Sulawesi during 2010-2017. This research uses Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Based on the results, it is found that economic growth and unemployment rate has significant and positive impact on poverty rate in Sulawesi. Keywords: Economic Growth; Unemployment Rate; Poverty

Hubungan Antara Prestasi Kerja Pegawai, Elastisitas Kerja Dan Kepuasan Kerja (Studi Pada Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara)

Setiap organisasi mempunyai sasaran, baik untuk jangka pendek, menengah maupun jangka panjang. Sasaran-sasaran ini dirumuskan dalam bentuk visi, misi, dan tujuan yang kesemuanya dirancang untuk kepentingan kemajuan organisasi tersebut. Di dalam dunia kerja sendiri, prestasi kerja sangatlah di perhitungkan, hal ini di dasarkan dengan adanya penilaian kinerja yang berlaku di masing-masing kantor. Hingga dalam hal ini apabila prestasi kerja seorang pegawai/karyawan baik otomatis akan berpengaruh juga dalam kinerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara prestasi kerja pegawai, elastisitas kerja dan kepuasan kerja di dalam Kantor Dinas Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis Chi-Square. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 23 pegawai dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prestasi kerja dan elastisitas kerja tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kepuasan kerja. Prestasi kerja tidak memiliki hubungan yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Elastisitas kerja tidak memiliki hubungan terhadap kepuasan kerja

New evidence shows that letting people vote early benefits Republicans while Election-Day Registration helps Democrats

While Republicans tend to make it harder for people to vote through initiatives such as Voter ID requirements, Democrats tend to be in favor of measures which make voting easier, such as early and Election-Day registration. But do both measures advocated by Democrats actually have an impact on turnout? Barry Burden, David Canon, Ken Mayer and Donald Moynihan have examined vote returns across three presidential elections and find that while Election-Day registration laws are better at stimulating those who are on the fence to turn out – usually Democrats, early voting measures tend to encourage those who have already decided to vote – usually Republicans

Photodissociation of protonated Leucine-Enkephalin peptide in the VUV range

We present results of VUV action spectroscopy of gas-phase protonated Leucin-Enkephalin peptide. The experiment has been performed by coupling a linear quadrupole ion trap with a synchrotron radiation VUV beamline

The effects of exercise on caspase-independent mitochondrial proteins in regards to age-related apoptosis

Exercise may have protective factors in reducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial caspase-dependent apoptosis with aging. It is presently unclear whether the caspase-independent apoptosis via EndonucleaseG (EndoG) and Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) translocation from the mitochondria to the nucleosome is effected by exercise in aging skeletal muscle. It is understood that in aging skeletal muscle EndoG and AIF do translocate from the mitochondria to the nucleosome. We hypothesize that exercise will attenuate the translocation of EndoG and AIF from the mitochondria to the nucleosome in aging white gastrocnemius muscle. Twenty-four Fischer Brown Norway rats were randomly assigned to four groups, young sedentary, old sedentary, young exercisers and old exercisers. The exercise consisted of treadmill training. The protein expression of EndoG and AIF were analyzed using western blot assays. In the old sedentary group, EndoG increased 86.4 % in the soluble fraction, but there was no change in the young groups. EndoG protein levels in the nucleosome fraction of young exercisers decreased 49 % when compared to young sedentary controls and old sedentary increased by 86.5 % when compared to young sedentary controls. With AIF changes in the soluble fraction were neglible. Protein levels of AIF in the nucleosome fraction increased 64 % in the old sedentary group compared to young sedentary controls. The data indicates that exercise was a protective factor against caspase-independent apoptosis by decreasing the translocation of EndoG and AIF to the nucleosome in aged skeletal muscle

Comparative study of the effect of long-term ageing on the behaviour of bitumen and mastics with mineral fillers

This paper is based on a part of the research project carried out at the request of the German Research Foundation (DFG), under research project No. WE 1642/1-2 and LE 3649/1-2 (FOR2089).This study aims to evaluate the effect of mineral fillers on bitumen ageing. Two different bitumens and four mastics were investigated in the unaged and long-term aged states, based on different properties (consistency, rheology, fatigue resistance and ductility). Mastics stiffened less due to ageing treatment than bitumens, especially with granite filler. However, the results of the performance tests were not definitive regarding the effect of the filler. Aged bitumen showed greater fatigue resistance and higher specific energy of ductile fracture than unaged bitumen, whereas the mastics showed minor variations in the specific energy of ductile fracture with ageing treatment, which is indicative of less ageing, but the fatigue resistance decreased significantly in mastics with one of the bitumens.authorsversionpublishe

The Impact of Primaries on General Election Outcomes in the U.S. House and Senate

Theory: We draw on established theories concerning strategic politicians, political learning, and political campaigning to challenge the conventional wisdom that divisive primaries diminish a nominee's chances of winning the general election. We use the concept of "political Darwinism" and introduce three new types of variables that move beyond the unidimensional focus of the impact of primary vote margins on general election outcomes. Hypotheses: Primary vote margins have no independent impact on general election outcomes, instead, campaign spending in the primary, the mediating impact of time, and the size of the challenger pool are expected to have explanatory power. Methods: Regression analysis of all House and Senate incumbent elections from 1974-1988. Results: Challengers largely benefit from contested primaries. The challenger who survives a tough primary will be the best campaigner and will have benefitted from the publicity that such a victory may provide. Incumbents, on the other hand, are hurt by the occasional divisiveness that they might face. Furthermore, late primaries tend to strengthen the positive effects of primary elections for challengers and weaken the negative effects for incumbents