Systematic review of birth cohort studies in South East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean regions

Few longitudinal studies of children have taken place in the developing world, despite child mortality being concentrated there. This review summarises the methodologies and main outcomes of longitudinal studies of pre-school children (0 to 59 months) in the World Health Organization’s South East Asia (SEA) and Eastern Mediterranean (EM) Regions

Forestry Economics: Principles and Practice

This review discusses bioeconomic models of the forest and uses them to explore policy options for forest management. The main type of bioeconomic model used is based on a biomass model of the growth of the forest, similar to the biomass model widely used in fishery economics. However a more detailed model, similar to the cohort-based models of fish stocks, which simulates the growth of subsections of the forest is also referred to. The bioeconomic models are based on simple assumptions about prices and costs - mainly that the forest industry, as a small part of the economy, is a price taker in both output and input markets. The models were initially used to examine the harvesting policy which would maximise the net present value of the timber produced by the forest. However it was recognised that non-timber values are becoming increasingly important and must be accounted for in the development of an optimal forest strategy. Case Studies consider some of the issues raised in the paper in greater detail.

Allocating Yellowfin Tuna Between the Multispecies Purse Seine and Longline Fleets

Yellowfin tuna in the western Pacific are harvested as juveniles by purse seiners and as adults by longliners. The study presents estimates of the multi-species harvest technology of these two types of vessel operating in Papua New Guinea's Exclusive Economic Zone. The results, together with price and cost information and estimates of the impact of the purse seine catch on the catch rates of longline vessels are used to perform a benefit/cost analysis of a reallocation of juvenile yellowfin through a one percent decline in purse seine harvest in PNG's EEZ. The marginal benefit of investment in the yellowfin stock is found to exceed that of marginal cost, suggesting that there may be an economic case for a reallocation.resource sharing, multispecies fisheries, yellowfin tuna, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, International Relations/Trade, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

A Note on Optimal Effort in the Maldivian Tuna Fishery

This note argues that spatial considerations and travel costs should be taken into account in devising tax/subsidy regulations for island-based tuna fisheries. In particular, the effect of a landings tax on distant fishing grounds should be considered when setting the level of the tax. A fuel subsidy is suggested as a means of offsetting the impact of the landings tax on marginal grounds.Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Taking Account of Non-Timber Values in Harvest Decisions in the Southern Forest of Tasmania

This paper examines the optimal use of a site containing standing timber, taking account of both timber and non-timber values. It discusses the range of non-timber values yielded by a typical site in the southern forest of Tasmania. Taking that site for illustrative purposes, it calculates the relationships between age of stand, extent of timber and non-timber values, and optimal cutting age, using a spreadsheet model. It finds that for a stand with moderate potential environmental benefits there is a period of its life during which it is optimal to log. This segment narrows, and eventually disappears, as potential environmental benefits increase.

Induced matter: Curved N-manifolds encapsulated in Riemann-flat N+1 dimensional space

Liko and Wesson have recently introduced a new 5-dimensional induced matter solution of the Einstein equations, a negative curvature Robertson-Walker space embedded in a Riemann flat 5-dimensional manifold. We show that this solution is a special case of a more general theorem prescribing the structure of certain N+1-dimensional Riemann flat spaces which are all solutions of the Einstein equations. These solutions encapsulate N-dimensional curved manifolds. Such spaces are said to "induce matter" in the sub-manifolds by virtue of their geometric structure alone. We prove that the N-manifold can be any maximally symmetric space.Comment: 3 page

Rent Generation During the Transition to a Managed Fishery: The Case of the New Zealand ITQ System

This paper examines the generation of resource rent during the transition from an over-exploited to an efficiently managed fishery. A simple theoretical model is used to demonstrate that current industry returns may below or even negative during this adjustment phase. A case in point is the New Zealand commercial fisheries which have recently become subject to a Quota Management System. Three sources of evidence on the level of resource rents generated during the initial years of the Quota Management System are examined and compared. These sources are: annual profitability data; the market price of perpetual quota; and the market price of annual lease quota. The evidence in some cases appears to be contradictory and an attempt is made to resolve or explain such differences. It is concluded that a better understanding of price determination in the quota market is required in order to draw correct inferences about rent generation.Rent, Generation, Transition, Individual, Transferable, Quotas, Fishery, Management, New Zealand, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,