Age distribution of included ALS patients and the proportion of cognitive impairment and FTLD in each age group.

<p>(A) Age distribution of included ALS patients. (B) Prevalence of cognitive impairment in each age group. ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ALS-CI, ALS with cognitive impairment; ALS-FTLD, ALS with frontotemporal lobe degeneration.</p

Categorization of Chinese patients with sporadic ALS according to cognitive status (n = 106).

<p>ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ALS-ECI, ALS with executive cognitive impairment; ALS-FTLD, ALS with frontotemporal lobe degeneration; ALS-NC, ALS with normal cognition; ALS-NECI, ALS with non-executive cognitive impairment.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of captured and non-captured ALS cases.

<p>ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ALSFRS-R, revised ALS functional rating scale; ALSSS, ALS severity scale; the disease progression rate was calculated according to the formula of (48-ALSFRS-R score)/disease duration(month).</p><p>Data were means±SD.</p><p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of captured and non-captured ALS cases.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of ALS-NC, ALS-ECI and ALS-FTLD.

<p>ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ALSFRS-R, revised ALS functional rating scale; ALSSS, ALS severity scale;ALS-NC, ALS with normal cognition; ALS-ECI, ALS with executive cognitive impairment; ALS-FTLD, ALS with frontotemporal lobe degeneration; the disease progression rate was calculated according to the formula of (48-ALSFRS-R score)/disease duration(months).</p><p>Data were means±SD.</p><p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of ALS-NC, ALS-ECI and ALS-FTLD.</p

Comparison of proportion of impaired participants in each neuropsychological battery, cognitive domain and cognitive diagnosis between non-demented ALS and HC.

<p>ABC, Aphasia Battery Chinese; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CMT, Clinical Memory Test; HC, healthy controls;WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; WMS, Wechsler Memory Scale.</p><p>N/A, chi-square could not be performed when numerators of both groups are zero.</p><p>Data were shown in the form of number of participants with impairment/total number.</p><p>Comparison of proportion of impaired participants in each neuropsychological battery, cognitive domain and cognitive diagnosis between non-demented ALS and HC.</p

Table_1_Association of APOE ε4/ε4 with fluid biomarkers in patients from the PUMCH dementia cohort.DOCX

BackgroundApolipoprotein-E (APOE) ε4 is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Current studies, which were mainly based on the clinical diagnosis rather than biomarkers, come to inconsistent conclusions regarding the associations of APOE ε4 homozygotes (APOE ε4/ε4) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD. In addition, few studies have explored the associations of APOE ε4/ε4 with plasma biomarkers. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations of APOE ε4/ε4 with fluid biomarkers in dementia and biomarker-diagnosed AD.MethodsA total of 297 patients were enrolled. They were classified into Alzheimer’s continuum, AD, and non-AD, according to CSF biomarkers and/or β amyloid PET results. AD was a subgroup of the AD continuum. Plasma Amyloid β (Aβ) 40, Aβ42, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NFL), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau)181 were quantified in 144 of the total population using an ultra-sensitive Simoa technology. We analyzed the associations of APOE ε4/ε4 on CSF and plasma biomarkers in dementia and biomarker diagnosed AD.ResultsBased on the biomarker diagnostic criteria, 169 participants were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s continuum and 128 individuals with non-AD, and among the former, 120 patients with AD. The APOE ε4/ε4 frequencies were 11.8% (20/169), 14.2% (17/120), and 0.8% (1/128) in Alzheimer’s continuum, AD and non-AD, respectively. Only CSF Aβ42 was shown to be decreased in APOE ε4/ε4 carriers than in non-carriers for patients with AD (p = 0.024). Furthermore, we did not find any associations of APOE ε4 with plasma biomarkers of AD and non-AD. Interestingly, we found that in non-AD patients, APOE ε4 carriers had lower CSF Aβ42 (p = 0.018) and higher T-tau/Aβ42 ratios (p ConclusionOur data confirmed that of the three groups (AD continuum, AD, and non-AD), those with AD had the highest frequency of APOE ɛ4/ɛ4 genotypes. The APOE ɛ4/ɛ4 was associated with CSF levels of Aβ42 but not tau for AD and non-AD, suggesting that APOE ɛ4/ɛ4 affected the Aβ metabolism of both. No associations between APOE ε4/ɛ4 and plasma biomarkers of AD and non-AD were found.</p

sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930241228203 – Supplemental material for Association between high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging characteristics and recurrent stroke in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease: A prospective multicenter study

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930241228203 for Association between high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging characteristics and recurrent stroke in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease: A prospective multicenter study by Weizhuang Yuan, Xiaoyun Liu, Zhongrui Yan, Bo Wu, Baoquan Lu, Beilei Chen, Daishi Tian, Ailian Du, Litao Li, Changyun Liu, Guangzhi Liu, Tao Gong, Zhimin Shi, Feng Feng, Caiyan Liu, Yao Meng, Qianqian Lin, Mingli Li and Wei-Hai Xu in International Journal of Stroke</p