Fusion Hindrance in the Heavy Ion Reactions -- Border Between the Normal and Hindered Fusions

The fusion hindrance in heavy ion collisions is studied in the framework of the two-center liquid drop model. It appears that the neck and the radial degrees of freedom might both be hampered by an inner potential barrier on their path between the contact configuration to the compound nucleus. Heavy ion reactions with and without the two kinds of fusion hindrance are classified through systematic calculations. It is found that the number of reactions without radial fusion hindrance is much smaller than that without neck fusion hindrance, and for both kinds of fusion hindrance the number of reactions without fusion hindrance at small mass-asymmetry parameter $\alpha$ is smaller than that at large $\alpha$. In the formation of a given compound nucleus, if a reaction with $\alpha_c$ is not hindered, then other reactions with $\alpha > \alpha_c$ are also not hindered as it is well known experimentally.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Probing the momentum dependence of medium modifications of the nucleon-nucleon elastic cross sections

The momentum dependence of the medium modifications on nucleon-nucleon elastic cross sections is discussed with microscopic transport theories and numerically investigated with an updated UrQMD microscopic transport model. The semi-peripheral Au+Au reaction at beam energy $E_b=400A$ MeV is adopted as an example. It is found that the uncertainties of the momentum dependence on medium modifications of cross sections influence the yields of free nucleons and their collective flows as functions of their transverse momentum and rapidity. Among these observables, the elliptic flow is sensitively dependent on detailed forms of the momentum dependence and more attention should be paid. The elliptic flow is hardly influenced by the probable splitting effect of the neutron-neutron and proton-proton cross sections so that one might pin down the mass splitting effect of the mean-field level at high beam energies and high nuclear densities by exploring the elliptic flow of nucleons or light clusters.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl

Residue cross sections of 50^{50}Ti-induced fusion reactions based on the two-step model

$^{50}$Ti-induced fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy elements are studied systematically with the two-step model developed recently, where fusion process is divided into approaching phase and formation phase. Furthermore, the residue cross sections for different neutron evaporation channels are evaluated with the statistical evaporation model. In general, the calculated cross sections are much smaller than that of $^{48}$Ca-induced fusion reactions, but the results are within the detection capability of experimental facilities nowadays. The maximum calculated residue cross section for producing superheavy element $Z=119$ is in the reaction $^{50}$Ti+$^{247}$Bk in $3n$ channels with $\sigma_{\rm res}(3n)=0.043$ pb at $E^{*}$ = 37.0 MeV.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Fusion hindrance of heavy ions: role of the neck

International audienceFusion of heavy ions is largely hindered because of the appearance of an inner barrier between the contact point of the two colliding nuclei and the compound nucleus. But there are still quantitative ambiguities on the size of the barrier and on the role of the dissipation. In this paper we stress the importance of the neck of the composite system on the hindrance of the fusion of heavy nuclei. We show that the \denecking" process is very quick compared to the other collective degrees of freedom as the relative distance. This behavior of the neck will change the potential seen by the relative distance on the way to fusion and its e ective initial value through a dynamical coupling. Both e ects contribute to the hindrance of fusion