Luminescent probe method in the study of the interaction of glycated human serum albuminwith non-glycated human serum albumin

Background and Objectives: The development and functioning of all living beings ends with the inevitable aging process, as a result of which the activity of all organs and the body as a whole is suppressed, which leads to imminent death. Protein glycation is considered to be one of the causes of aging. This process takes place throughout life, but it intensifies with age. Protein glycation is a reaction of covalent coupling of free amino groups of proteins and reducing carbohydrates, which proceeds without the participation of enzymes and leads to disruption of protein functions. This process is unregulated, as it occurs without the participation of biological catalysts. As a result of glycation of proteins in humans, inflammatory processes occur in the body and a number of diseases such as heart attack, stroke, atherosclerosis, cataract, glycemia, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, etc. develop. In the tasks of medical diagnostics, methods of monitoring the state of proteins in the human body are necessary. In this regard, the work is devoted to the study of the processes of interaction of human serum albumin globules (HSA) with globules of human glycated serum albumin (gHSA). Materials and Methods: In conducting a study of the spectral-kinetic characteristics of the eosin luminescent probe in solutions of glycated and non-glycated HSA, as well as in a mixture of glycated and non–glycated HSA, an exponential dependence of the second order was used to approximate the dependencies of DF (delayed fluorescence) and PHOS (phosphorescence), and an anisotropy equation was used to assume the formation of the gHSA-HSA complex. Results: It has been found that the intensity and kinetics of quenching of delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence of the eosin fluorescent probe associated with proteins are sensitive to the ratio of glycated and non-glycated proteins in solution. To explain the increase in the intensity and lifetime of eosin phosphorescence during the transition from a solution of HSA to a mixture of HSA and gHSA, it is assumed that the globules of HSA and gHSA form a complex of the composition of gHSA-HSA, as a result of diffusion encounters. The rotational mobility of this complex is much less than the separate globules of HSA and gHSA. The formation of the complex is confirmed by an increase in the anisotropy of delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence of eosin in a mixture of HSA and gHSA. Conclusion: The obtained results of the work can be used to diagnose the presence of a complex of glycated with non-glycated proteins in human blood plasma.&nbsp

Применение комбинированной экстракорпоральной детоксикации у пациентов с тяжелым острым панкреатитом: ретроспективное когортное исследование

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ: Заболеваемость тяжелым острым панкреатитом и летальность пациентов остаются высокими. Важнейшим направлением терапии является купирование эндотоксикоза. Вопрос применения экстракорпоральной детоксикации (ЭКД) остается дискуссионным. ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Улучшение результатов лечения пациентов с тяжелым острым панкреатитом путем применения методов ЭКД. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: В исследование включены 25 пациентов. Группа 1 (ЭКД) включала 9 пациентов, применяли стандартную терапию с селективной гемоперфузией (СГ) и продленной вено-венозной гемофильтрацией (ПВВГФ). Группа 2 (контроль): 16 пациентов получали стандартную терапию. Выполняли сравнительный анализ основных клинико-лабораторных показателей и исходов лечения между группами. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Применение ЭКД позволило снизить количество лейкоцитов с 14,9 до 8,6 × 109/л к 5-м суткам терапии в группе 1 и с 17,6 до 16,1 × 109/л группы 2 соответственно. Динамика концентрации С-реактивного белка с 1-х по 5-е сутки изменилась с 315,6 до 184,6 мг/мл и 274,2 до 352,9 мг/мл в группе 1 и группе 2 соответственно. Уровень концентрации прокальцитонина (PCT) в 1–5-е сутки снизился с 4,5 до 2,1 нг/мл и 3,95 до 6,9 нг/мл в группе 1 и группе 2 соответственно. Концентрация интерлейкина-6 снизилась с 1624,3 до 914,3 пг/мл в группе 1 и повысилась с 1529,8 до 1861,8 пг/мл в группе 2. Динамика рН в группе 1 составила с 7,14 до 7,4 к 5-м суткам терапии и с 7,13 до 7,22 в группе 2. Показатели по шкале SOFA к 5-м суткам в группе 1 составили 4 балла, в группе 2 — 11 баллов. ВЫВОДЫ: Применение СГ и ПВВГФ в комплексной интенсивной терапии сопровождается регрессом маркеров эндогенной интоксикации, разрешением кислотно-основного состояния и уменьшает выраженность органной дисфункции и риска неблагоприятного исхода по сравнению со стандартным лечением

Compton Large Area Silicon Timing Tracker for Cosmic Vision M3

International audienceProposed in response to the ESA call for the third Medium size mission (M3), CAPSiTT is a small mission designed for a 3-year survey of the non-thermal high energy sky from an equatorial LEO orbit. With a large effective area and a very wide field of view, its single instrument, a silicon tracker, provides good imaging, spectroscopic and polarimetric capabilities with a sensitivity 10-100 times better than COMPTEL. Nucleosynthesis and particle acceleration mechanisms in various sites are the main scientific topics addressed by CAPSiTT

Modelling of the effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W divertor of JET

Effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W target of JET ITER-Like Wall was studied with multi-scale calculations. Plasma input parameters were taken from ELMy H-mode plasma experiment. The energetic intra-ELM fuel particles get implanted and create near-surface defects up to depths of few tens of nm, which act as the main fuel trapping sites during ELMs. Clustering of implantation-induced vacancies were found to take place. The incoming flux of inter-ELM plasma particles increases the different filling levels of trapped fuel in defects. The temperature increase of the W target during the pulse increases the fuel detrapping rate. The inter-ELM fuel particle flux refills the partially emptied trapping sites and fills new sites. This leads to a competing effect on the retention and release rates of the implanted particles. At high temperatures the main retention appeared in larger vacancy clusters due to increased clustering rate

Dynamic modelling of local fuel inventory and desorption in the whole tokamak vacuum vessel for auto-consistent plasma-wall interaction simulations

An extension of the SolEdge2D-EIRENE code package, named D-WEE, has been developed to add the dynamics of thermal desorption of hydrogen isotopes from the surface of plasma facing materials. To achieve this purpose, DWEE models hydrogen isotopes implantation, transport and retention in those materials. Before launching autoconsistent simulation (with feedback of D-WEE on SolEdge2D-EIRENE), D-WEE has to be initialised to ensure a realistic wall behaviour in terms of dynamics (pumping or fuelling areas) and fuel content. A methodology based on modelling is introduced to perform such initialisation. A synthetic plasma pulse is built from consecutive SolEdge2D-EIRENE simulations. This synthetic pulse is used as a plasma background for the D-WEE module. A sequence of plasma pulses is simulated with D-WEE to model a tokamak operation. This simulation enables to extract at a desired time during a pulse the local fuel inventory and the local desorption flux density which could be used as initial condition for coupled plasma-wall simulations. To assess the relevance of the dynamic retention behaviour obtained in the simulation, a confrontation to post-pulse experimental pressure measurement is performed. Such confrontation reveals a qualitative agreement between the temporal pressure drop obtained in the simulation and the one observed experimentally. The simulated dynamic retention during the consecutive pulses is also studied

Current Research into Applications of Tomography for Fusion Diagnostics

Retrieving spatial distribution of plasma emissivity from line integrated measurements on tokamaks presents a challenging task due to ill-posedness of the tomography problem and limited number of the lines of sight. Modern methods of plasma tomography therefore implement a-priori information as well as constraints, in particular some form of penalisation of complexity. In this contribution, the current tomography methods under development (Tikhonov regularisation, Bayesian methods and neural networks) are briefly explained taking into account their potential for integration into the fusion reactor diagnostics. In particular, current development of the Minimum Fisher Regularisation method is exemplified with respect to real-time reconstruction capability, combination with spectral unfolding and other prospective tasks