Income and Inequality Outcomes of Arms Exports: Where Does the Marxist Argument Stand?

Although in 21th Century not a single country could be classified as a purely capitalist or socialist state, but history still remembers the old politico-economic block (Bi Polar) formation of some countries as the proponents of capitalistic economic system and some as the followers of socialism. It is thought that the reason behind two World Wars was no other than the effort to dominate one economic system over the other. The enmity between the proponents of each of these systems is still alive today and the allies of both the sides are claiming rivalry to each other, especially the main champions of the systems. After the world wars, both the groups have not only economically and politically maltreated each other in the era of cold war, but have also started a race of militarization and weaponization to protect themselves from the potential fears from each other. By presenting the situation regarding exports of arms as well as by portraying the situations of per capita income and income inequality for previously been socialist (China and Russia) and capitalist (US and UK) states, the current study intends to view these two blocks from the Marxist lens. The main question of research tried to answer in the current study encompasses the following sub-questions, whether or not the capitalist economies are: a) exhibiting a butter versus gun trade-off in terms of allocation of scarce resources, b) a cause of low per capita income, c) demonstrating equal distributing of income

Antioxidant, haemolytic activities and GC-MS profiling of Carissa carandas roots.

The antioxidant potential of the plant Carissa carandas roots extracted with different polarity based solvents was assessed. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the measurement of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging, IC50 and antioxidant activity in linoleic acid system. The plant material contained the TPC (1.79-4.35 GAE mg/g of dry extract), TFC (1.91-3.76 CE mg/g of dry extract), DPPH radical scavenging activity, IC50 (12.53-84.82 %) and % inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid (41.0-89.21 %) system respectively. Furthermore the antioxidant effectiveness of extracts was assessed using corn oil (CO) as the oxidation substrate. The oxidative alterations were evaluated by the measurement of conjugated diene (CD), conjugated triene (CT), panisidine, free fatty acid (FFA) and peroxide values (PV). The cytotoxicity of the plant extracts were assessed against human red blood cells (RBCs) and the % lysis was found to be in the range of 1.01-6.10 %. The GC-MS analysis of n-hexane extract was also profiled. It was concluded that extracts of plant roots may be used as potential source of antioxidant agents in food industries

Production and Characterization of Xylanase from \u3cem\u3eAspergillus niger\u3c/em\u3e using Wheat Bran, Corn Cobs, and Sugar Cane Bagasse as Carbon Sources with Different Concentrations

Xylanases are enzymes that degrade Xylan, a hemicellulose found in plant cell walls, into Xylose. They are a very important class of enzymes to be used in paper and pulp industry. Removal of lignin from paper and pulp by Chlorine and its compounds have caused a serious problem in the environment. Delignification of lignin by Xylanase is an alternative approach that is environmentally friendly. The present research was conducted to produce and characterize Xylanase from the fungus Aspergillus niger using agricultural wastes/byproducts like corn cobs, wheat bran and sugar cane bagasse with different concentrations. Submerged fermentation was carried out in 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks using Vogel’s medium at 37oC. Culture conditions like pH, temperature, incubation time and concentration of carbon sources were optimized to achieve maximum Xylanase production. Molecular weight was determined by SDS-PAGE to be 27.2KDa. It was revealed that the pH and thermal stability of Xylanase is very important for it to be used in industry

1-Ethyl-4-[1-(1-phenyl­ethyl­idene)hydrazin-2-yl­idene]-3,4-dihydro-1H-2λ6,1-benzothia­zine-2,2-dione

In the title compound, C18H19N3O2S, the thia­zine ring adopts an envelope conformation, with the S atom displaced by 0.732 (1) Å from the other atoms of the ring. The phenyl ring is oriented at a dihedral angle of 79.33 (7)° with respect to the fused benzene ring. The conformations about the two double bonds in the R 2C=N—N=C(CH3)Ar grouping are Z and E, respectively. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of C—H⋯O inter­actions generate R 2 2(8) and R 2 2(12) loops, as parts of infinite chains along the a-axis direction

3,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-oxo-2-phenyl­eth­yl)-2H,4H-pyrazolo­[4,3-c][1,2]benzothia­zine-5,5-dione

In the title mol­ecule, C19H17N3O3S, the heterocyclic thia­zine ring adopts a half-chair conformation with the S and N atoms displaced by 0.530 (5) and 0.229 (6) Å, respectively, on opposite sides of the mean plane formed by the remaining ring atoms. The ethanone group lies at an angle of 3.8 (3)° with respect to the benzene ring, which lies almost perendicular to the pyrazole ring, with a dihedral between the two planes of 89.22 (11)°. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions are present

2-(3-Benzoyl-4-hy­droxy-1,1-dioxo-2H-1λ6,2-benzothia­zin-2-yl)-1-phenyl­ethanone

In the title mol­ecule, C23H17NO5S, the heterocyclic thia­zine ring adopts a half-chair conformation, with the S and N atoms displaced by 0.383 (3) and 0.473 (3) Å, respectively, on opposite sides of the mean plane formed by the ring C atoms. The phenyl rings attached to carbonyl groups lie almost parallel to each other at a dihedral angle 7.43 (9)°, the distance between the centroids of the rings being 3.780 (1) Å. The C(thia­zine)—C=O and O=C—CH2 groups make dihedral angles of 37.56 (16) and 1.93 (18)°, respectively, with the phenyl groups to which they are attached. The crystal structure features O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and further consolidated by C—H⋯π inter­actions; an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is also present

Antioxidant Activity of Various Extracts and Organic Fractions of Ziziphus jujuba

Antioxidant effectiveness of indigenous medicinal plant Ziziphus jujuba shoots extracts and fractions with different polarity solvents (n–hexane, ethylacetate, methanol, chloroform) was assessed for total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity and percentage inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system. The shoots extracts and fractions contained appreciable levels of total phenolic contents 310-823 GAE (mg/100g Dry plant matter) and total flavonoid contents 210- 650 CE (mg/100g of Dry plant matter). The Ziziphus jujuba extracts and various organic fractions also exhibited good DPPH 50% inhibition (IC50) ranges from 23.1µg/mL to 52.5 µg/ml and Inhibition of Peroxidation in Linoleic Acid 20.1 to 70.1%., respectively. Of the Ziziphus jujuba shoots extracts and fractions tested, 100% methanolic extract and 100% chloroform fraction exhibited the maximum antioxidant activity, the results of the present investigation demonstrated significant (p< 0.05) variations in the antioxidant activity. The results of the present comprehensive analysis demonstrated that Ziziphus jujuba shoots extracts and organic fractions are a viable source of natural antioxidants and might be exploited for functional foods and nutraceutical application

Phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxicity studies of Bambusa arundinacea leaves

Medicinal plants, as a source of remedies, are widely used as alternative therapeutic utensils for the anticipation or treatment of many diseases. The Present study was carried out to investigate the medicinal importance of the plant Bambusa arundinacea leaves. The various extracts obtained from the plant leaves were analyzed for their phytochemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant, haemolytic acivities and stability of corn oil. The plant leaves contained appreciable levels of total phenolic contents (3.7-12.71 GAE mg/g of dry extract) and total flavonoid contents (2.31-6.71 CE mg/g of dry extract). DPPH radical scavenging (IC50) and percentage inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation was found to be in the range of 278-1536 μg/mL and 24.41-78.05% respectively. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was also studied using corn oil as an oxidative substrate and found that it stabilized the oil. The haemolytic effect of the plant leaves was found in range of 0.70-2.88%. The results of the present investigation demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) variations. The correlation between the results of different antioxidant assays and oxidation parameters of oil indicated that plant leaves to be a potent source of antioxidants for stabilization of corn oi