LOHN PRODUCTION - AN ECONOMIC OR SOCIAL MEASURE?

The rapid Romanian disintegration of the planned economy and the economic crises after 1989 imposed the large amounts of activity in the production units; the easiest way of maintain these of units - with no effects - was the subcontracting for the re-exportation system. This system is very important for foreign (commerce: over 75% of Romanian export to the European Union is in subcontracting for re-exportation system. This huge percent is possible because the subcontracting for re-exportation system allows a better management of the production capacities in order to maintain jobs or to create new ones, and in this way the competition producers a more important roll in what cancers the demands of consumers and it attracts foreign investors, also.subcontracting, production capacities, trade

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP

The entrepreneur is synonymous with the developer, the factor that organizes the production process, is responsible for economic decisions concerning what is produced, what quantities and by what methods of production. In the United States entrepreneur isentrepreneurship, female entrepreneurship, development

THE IMPACT OF THE CRISIS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE THE CRISIS EFFECTS. CASE STUDY: ROMANIA

The economic crisis creates a series of consequences such as loss of jobs, reducing wages, insecurity of the population, reducing standard of living, material hardships, low self-confidence and hope for the better, illnesses, altered human relationships, social protests, ever greater scale strikes, in other words, deterioration of the economic environment. This paper aims to identify possible solutions to improve the effects of the crisis on the quality of life, based on figures from surveys conducted by research firms and the possible correlations to be made between these dates, without attempting to consider that these solutions are unique or the best. The main indicators considered for identifying the negative aspects of the crisis among the population are: the evolution of unemployment, changes in gross domestic product or wage developments in the economy and the share of expenditure linked to the basic needs out of the income earned. Regarding the possible solutions to reduce the population crisis, they are closely related to the credit and monetary policy, and also to the budgetary policy. Under the impact of the economic crisis, the business environment in Romania has suffered. Sub impactul crizei economice, mediul de afaceri din Romania a avut de suferit. Since most investments in 2008 were of foreign origin, the fact that this crisis has affected Romania as well did not surprise anyone. Nowadays Romania's business climate is characterized by lack of direct foreign investments and self funding sources whereas the population declares itself in a large proportion -more than 50% - to be affected by the crisis (1). Effects of the crisis can also be observed in the evolution of consumers' behavior who fearing layoffs and declining revenue, not only turned to buying the same products or to purchase cheaper products, but also to reducing the amount of the purchased products. The quality of social life is essential and strongly related to stimulating economic activity. Satisfaction felt by the consumer will determine the level of consumption and will influence and ultimately decide the supply level. An adequate economic policy in Romania to restore the balance between supply and demand in the market may induce a state of economic recovery. This should be the objective of anti-crisis policies.crisis, quality of life, unemployment rate, gross domestic product, wages rate, social conditions of life, economic environment

STRATEGIC ALLIANCES: FROM SUCCES TO FAILURE

Over the past few years, the strategic alliances had been increasingly common. The term “strategic alliance” can mean many different things, but the commonly used meaning entails a joint corporative effort by two or more companies working towards agreed ustrategic alliances, benefits, risk of failure

LOHN PRODUCTION – AN ECONOMIC OR SOCIAL MEASURE?

The rapid Romanian disintegration of the planned economy and the economic crises after 1989 imposed the large amounts of activity in the production units; the easiest way of maintain these of units – with no effects – was the subcontracting for the re-exportation system. This system is very important for foreign (commerce: over 75% of Romanian export to the European Union is in subcontracting for re-exportation system. This huge percent is possible because the subcontracting for re-exportation system allows a better management of the production capacities in order to maintain jobs or to create new ones, and in this way the competition producers a more important roll in what cancers the demands of consumers and it attracts foreign investors, also

The capacity of smes with export-import activity from Bihor county to face the challenge of integration on the european single market in euro-regional context

Starting from the premises that the competitive capacity of the SMEs is determined by their nature: some of them having rapidly growing capacity, others being totally dependent on local or regional markets, the present paper aims to investigate the capacity of SMEs from Bihor county, which carry out export and import activity, to face the challenges of integration in the European Single Market, with the purpose to guide them towards that initiatives and measures that correspond to their nature, by exploiting the possibilities offered by structural funds. The paper presents the general situation of the SMEs from Bihor county focused on those which are part of intra-communitary trade, and, on the base of a questionnaire applied to a number of 50 of them, their perceptions regarding the threats and opportunities of the European Single Market, in order to increase the absorption of structural funds and to design a Euroregional strategy for the SME sector with direct benefits for the economic agents and communities from Romania and Hungary. The paper is based on the preliminary research results of the project called “The encouragement of SMEs which carry out import-export activity from Bihor county regarding the integration in the European Single Market through the development of cross-border business services”, financed by the PHARE CBC 2005 Programme. The data used have been offered for the mentioned project by Local SMEs Council, Oradea

ECO-INDUSTRIAL PARK - A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Local communities embracing the concept of Eco-industrial park are looking for some additional benefits for all the interested parties – both public and private: higher economic efficiency, the increase of competitivity by applying last minute technologies, generation of additional revenues through positive regulations at the community level, the creation of jobs, solving the conflict between economy and environment, diminishing the demand on the county infrastructure, decreasing the effects of pollution, using energy from regenerating sources and replacement materials. Communities and enterprises creating Eco-industrial parks will have common grounds for industrial development, which is much more competitive, more efficient and much cleaner than traditional industrial parks. Moreover, the new business niches will be open to recruitment or new incubators. Eco-industrial parks represent a special category compared to industrial parks, a category which is different from the classical ones due to the fact that they are designed in such a way so that they promote the collaboration between companies in order to reuse recyclable materials and green energy sources. A long-term vision must reflect the focus on the creation of collaboration networks between firms and the fact that an Eco-industrial park should be a business community, not only a mathematical sum of companies located in the same geographical area. The quality, continuity and interconnection of economic flows within the firms of an Eco-industrial park are important characteristics for the success of Eco-industrial networks. The following discussion tackles the way in which an Eco-industrial park is set-up: creating and implementing an Eco-industrial park in accordance with the principles of circular economy or transforming an already existing industrial park into an Eco- industrial park. The quality, the continuity, the number of interconnected firms, the flows of resources and the relations between the firms are success factors within Eco-industrial networks. The successful cases – especially those in the USA or the Northern countries – have proved that Eco parks engage a multitude of entities, from regional/local authorities to non-governmental organizations; in these entities’ action the objectives and actions of the firms; management overlap with those of the community managemen

ADVANTEGES AND COMPETENCES AQUIERED BY COMPANIES PARTICIPATING IN PROJECTS

Financing funds are financial instruments working to eliminate economic and social disparities, in order to achieve economic and social cohesion. The participation of the companies to financing funds aimed to support their activity through the financing of the productive sector investments, infrastructure investments or other investments in fields such is: education, employment and human resources development, local development and small and medium sized enterprises, but also to make possible the economic and social conversion of areas facing structural difficulties. This study aims to highlight the advantages and expertise acquired by companies participating in projects compared to those having deferred their enrollment in the project

THE IMPACT OF THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR RESEARCH AND INNOVATION ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF A COUNTRY

In recent decades the economic growth based on innovation is no longer just the privilege of the industrialized countries, of countries with a high GDP. More and more developing or emerging countries have turned innovation policies in national development strategy. The economic practice has shown that innovation is one of the main drivers of economic growth. The question is: How can a developing or emerging country support financially and managerially a macroeconomic policy for innovation and especially how can it implement innovation in economy. The paper presents comparatively the situation of innovation in China and the US as an argument that a country that has shaped the innovation policy over more than 20 years may come to compete in this area with the strongest economy in the world. In 1978 China introduced the policy of innovation in the education sector, reforms that have generated an accelerated progress in higher education and research, aimed mainly at increasing the standard of successful innovation and technology. In 2010 China was the second largest economy, surpassing Japan in macroeconomic terms, and in 2014 China's GDP reached US $ 10 trillion dollars. China also leads in innovation among BRICS nations (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa). All these achievements were due to the political and innovation reform that China supported for several decades. In the late 1970s, China implemented a series of R&D policies to stimulate the economy and to transform the education and research system into a system close to economy. The example of this country has changed the paradigm according to which innovation and research as well as their application in the economy are only possible in industrialized countries and has also demonstrated that R&D are vital to the progress of economy