Subnutrición, mortalidad embrionaria y función uterina en ovinos

Encuadernado con: Failure to establish and maintain a pregnancy in undernourished recipient ewes is associated with a poor endocrine milieu in the early luteal phase / Victoria de Brun ... [et al.]. Anim. reprod. sci. 173:80-86, 2016. -- The embryo affects day 14 uterine transcriptome depending on nutritional status in sheep. A. Metabolic adaptation to pregnancy in nourished and undernourished ewes / Victoria de Brun ... [et al.]. -- The embryo affects day 14 uterine transcriptome depending on nutritional status in sheep. B. Immune system and uterine remodeling / Victoria de Brun ... [et al.]. -- Undernutrition and laterality of the corpus luteum affects gene expression in oviduct and uterus of pregnant ewes / V. de Brun ... [et al.]. Spanish J. Agricultural Res. 11(4): 989-996, 2013. -- Periconceptional undernutrition modifies endocrine profiles and hepatic gene expression in sheep / V. de Brun ... [et al.]. J. anim. physiol. anim. nutrition DOI 10.1111/JPN. 12261. -- Hepatic expression of insulin-like growht factor-1 in underfed pregnant ewes / Victoria de Brun ... [et al.]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. A 6: 355-362, 2016.La hipótesis inicial de este trabajo fue que la mortalidad embrionaria asociada a la subnutrición en el ovino se debe principalmente a efectos sobre el ambiente materno, siendo de menor impacto la historia nutricional del embrión. Se transfirieron embriones de buena calidad provenientes de ovejas donantes sometidas a una dieta de mantenimiento (control) o alimentados a la mitad de los requerimientos nutrcionales diarios (con subnutrición) a ovejas receptoras controles o sometidas a subnutrición. Se determinaron los perfiles endocrinometabólicos en ovejas receptoras con subnutrición que mantuvieron o no la preñez luego de ser transferidas con embriones de buena calidad. Se encontró que cuando se transfieren embriones de buena calidad, independiente del estado nutricional de la oveja donante, las receptoras con subnutrición presentaron una mayor mortalidad embrionaria que las receptoras controles (Experimento I). Las receptoras subnutridas que mantuvieron la preñez presentaron mayores concentraciones plasmáticas de insulina y progesterona respecto a las hembras subnutridas que perdieron el embrión entre los días 18 y 40 de preñez (Experimento I). En el siguiente experimento se evaluó si la presencia del embrión induce cambios en el transcriptoma uterino de manera dependiente del plano nutricional, utilizando animales preñados y cíclicos controles o sometidos a subnutrición (Experimento II). La presencia del embrión al momento de reconocimiento materno de la preñez (día 14) estimuló genes relacionados con la remodelación uterina y vías del sistema inmune en hembras controles, pero eso ocurrió en menor medida en madres subnutridas. No obstante existen genes diferencialmente expresados en útero acorde a la presencia del embrión sólo en animales controles y sólo en animales subnutridos preñados vs cíclicos. En cuanto a la adaptación metabólica del útero a la preñez, se encontró que la presencia del embrión aumentó el flujo de nutrientes hacia el útero en ambos planos de alimentación, siendo menor en las hembras con subnutrición. Asimismo, los datos encontrados en el transcriptoma uterino sugieren que el embrión induce diferentes estrategias en la utilización de nutrientes entre hembras controles y con subnutrición. Estos resultados reafirman el concepto de que la subnutrición modifica el ambiente endócrino materno (sistémico y local), lo que podría explicar las mayores tasas de mortalidad embrionaria encontrada en animales sometidos a un período corto de restricción alimenticia

Influences of nutrition and metabolism on reproduction of the female ruminant

Beef cows and ewes grazing native pastures are exposed to cycles of undernutrition that reflect the seasonal variations of biomass production. In grazing dairy cows, the physiological undernutrition during early lactation due to increased demands for lactation and low dry matter intake is exacerbated by the need to get sufficient intake from pasture and the extra grazing energy costs. Undernutrition has profound impacts on reproduction by affecting multiple reproductive processes at different levels of the reproductive axis. The objective of this paper is to review the influence of undernutrition on reproductive events of the adult female ruminant, with emphasis on both grassland and mixed rain-fed grazing farming systems. The comparative endocrinology and reproductive biology among ewes, beef and dairy cows may provide a comprehensive knowledge of the metabolic and reproductive adaptation to feed restriction. Understanding the critical underlying physiological mechanisms by which nutrition affects reproduction is the base of focus feeding strategy to improve the reproductive performance of the female ruminan

Increased expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) in cervical cells on day 14 of pregnancy in Holstein heifers

In cattle, expression of IFN-stimulated genes in the female reproductive tract has been reported as an early pregnancy diagnostic tool, as early as d 17 of pregnancy. The hypothesis of this study was that expression of ISG15 in the cervix of pregnant heifers is increased on d 14 of pregnancy. The objective was to compare the expression of ISG15 in cervical cells between pregnant and cyclic heifers (control, sham-inseminated) on d 14, 16, and 18 after insemination (d 0). Holstein heifers were submitted to an estrus synchronization protocol and inseminated with extender only (“control,” n = 6), or with regular semen (n = 15). Heifers were classified as pregnant (n = 10) by ultrasound at d 30 through the detection of a viable embryo with a heartbeat. Blood samples from the coccygeal vein were collected to determine serum progesterone concentrations on d 14, 16, and 18. The expression of ISG15 and PGR in cervical cells collected through cytobrush was measured on d 14, 16, and 18. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to quantify the pregnancy diagnostic accuracy of ISG15 and PGR expression. The expression levels of ISG15 in cervical cells were significantly greater in pregnant compared with control heifers on d 14, and remained greater on d 16 and 18, whereas differences in PGR were observed only on d 18. Scatter plots and ROC analyses showed the most accurate prediction of pregnancy for ISG15 on d 16. In conclusion, cervical cells express greater ISG15 mRNA in pregnant versus control heifers as early as d 14 postinsemination, with the best accuracy on d 16

Undernutrition and laterality of the corpus luteum affects gene expression in oviduct and uterus of pregnant ewes

The effect of undernutrition on gene expression of progesterone and oestrogen receptors (PGR and ESR1), and insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF1 and IGF2) in the uterus and oviducts of ewes on day 5 after oestrus was investigated. The effect of the side of the uterus/oviduct regarding the ovary bearing a corpus luteum (CL) (ipsi vs. contralateral) was also analyzed. Fourteen oestrous synchronized ewes were fed either 1.5 (C, n = 7) or 0.5 (L, n = 7) times their maintenance requirements from the onset of the hormonal treatment (day –14), till slaughter on day 5 postoestrus. Oviducts and samples of uterus were collected and their gene expression studied by real time RT-PCR. Undernourished ewes had greater PGR expression in the oviduct than control ewes, but lower expression of IGF1 in uterus and of IGF2 in oviducts. The ipsilateral oviduct presented lower expression of PGR, ESR1 and IGF2 mRNA than the contralateral one, but this did not occur in the uterus. In conclusion, there is an effect of undernutrition on gene expression that is transcript and organ dependent (uterus/oviduct). This work reports for the first time that growth factors and sex steroid receptor expression on day 5 after oestrus vary depending on the side of the CL-bearing ovary and the region of the reproductive tract

Influences of nutrition and metabolism on reproduction of the female ruminant

Beef cows and ewes grazing native pastures are exposed to cycles of undernutrition that reflect the seasonal variations of biomass production. In grazing dairy cows, the physiological undernutrition during early lactation due to increased demands for lactation and low dry matter intake is exacerbated by the need to get sufficient intake from pasture and the extra grazing energy costs. Undernutrition has profound impacts on reproduction by affecting multiple reproductive processes at different levels of the reproductive axis. The objective of this paper is to review the influence of undernutrition on reproductive events of the adult female ruminant, with emphasis on both grassland and mixed rain-fed grazing farming systems. The comparative endocrinology and reproductive biology among ewes, beef and dairy cows may provide a comprehensive knowledge of the metabolic and reproductive adaptation to feed restriction. Understanding the critical underlying physiological mechanisms by which nutrition affects reproduction is the base of focus feeding strategy to improve the reproductive performance of the female ruminant

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

APCs in a diamond wonderland: the profile of APC journals in countries with predominantly diamond publishing ecosystems.

Presentation at PUBMET2023: The 10th Conference on Scholarly Communication in the Context of Open Science, University of Zadar, 13.09.23 - 15.09.23. https://ease.org.uk/event/pubmet2023-the-10th-conference-on-scholarly-communication-in-the-context-of-open-science/