Overview of HLLV effluents in stratosphere and above

The injection of large quantities of rocket exhaust effluent into the upper atmosphere by the heavy lift launch vehicle (HLLV) of the solar power satellite system is discussed. The exhaust products considered are CO, CO2, H2O, H2, and NO. The effects on the composition of the atmosphere at different altitudes are estimated

Closure in the Time of COVID-19

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A Bridge Over Troubled Waters: Alternative Financing and Delivery of Water and Wastewater Services

Too many drinking water and wastewater systems across Canada threaten public health and the environment. In this report, the author writes that many of the municipally owned and operated systems that treat and distribute drinking water perform poorly and lack the financial resources and expertise to meet the challenges posed by aging infrastructure. Indeed, more than 1,000 systems across Canada violate provincial requirements or are subject to boil-water advisories. Brubaker recommends reforms to the financing and operating of utilities to ensure their long-term sustainability. These include introducing competition for water and wastewater services and taking steps to attract more private expertise and capital investment.The Water Series, water and sewage services, Canadian municipalities, capital investment

The 6-vertex model and deformations of the Weyl character formula

We use statistical mechanics -- variants of the six-vertex model in the plane studied by means of the Yang-Baxter equation -- to give new deformations of Weyl's character formula for classical groups of Cartan type B, C, and D, and a character formula of Proctor for type BC. In each case, the corresponding Boltzmann weights are associated to the free fermion point of the six-vertex model. These deformations add to the earlier known examples in types A and C by Tokuyama and Hamel-King, respectively. A special case for classical types recovers deformations of the Weyl denominator formula due to Okada.Comment: v2: renamed the last family of models and showed their connection to character formulae for groups of type BC; addressed some issues in the proof of Lemma 6.2; updated abstrac

A study of the introduction of ions into the region of strong fields within a quadrupole mass spectrometer Second quarterly progress report, 17 Nov. 1965 - 17 Feb. 1966

Ion introduction into strong fields of quadrupole mass spectromete

Whittaker Coefficients of Metaplectic Eisenstein Series

We study Whittaker coefficients for maximal parabolic Eisenstein series on metaplectic covers of split reductive groups. By the theory of Eisenstein series these coefficients have meromorphic continuation and functional equation. However they are not Eulerian and the standard methods to compute them in the reductive case do not apply to covers. For "cominuscule" maximal parabolics, we give an explicit description of the coefficients as Dirichlet series whose arithmetic content is expressed in an exponential sum. The exponential sum is then shown to satisfy a twisted multiplicativity, reducing its determination to prime power contributions. These, in turn, are connected to Lusztig data for canonical bases on the dual group using a result of Kamnitzer. The exponential sum at prime powers is then evaluated for generic Lusztig data. To handle the remaining degenerate cases, the evaluation of the exponential sum appears best expressed in terms of string data for canonical bases, as shown in a detailed example in $GL_4$. Thus we demonstrate that the arithmetic part of metaplectic Whittaker coefficients is intimately connected to the relations between these two expressions for canonical bases.Comment: 51 pages. To appear in GAF

National Minorities, Nationalizing States, and External National Homelands in the New Europe. Notes toward a Relational Analysis. Institute of Advanced Studies Political Science Series, 11 December 1993

Nationalism remains central to politics in and among the new nation-states. Far from »solving« the region's national question, the most recent reconfiguration of political space – the replacement of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia by some twenty would-be nation-states – only recast it in a new form. It is this new phase and form of the national question that I explore in this paper. I begin by outlining a particular relational configuration – the triadic relational nexus between national minorities, nationalizing states, and external national homelands – that is central to the national question in post-Soviet Eurasia. In the second, and most substantial, section of the paper, I argue that each of the »elements« in this relational nexus – minority, nationalizing state, and homeland – should itself be understood in dynamic and relational terms, not as a fixed, given, or analytically irreducible entity but as a field of differentiated positions and an arena of struggles among competing »stances.« In a brief concluding section, I return to the relational nexus as a whole, underscoring the dynamically interactive quality of the triadic interplay

Representation c. 800: Arab Byzantine Carolingian

What could or should be visually represented was a contested issue across the medieval Christian and Islamic world around the year 800. This article examines how Islamic, Byzantine, Carolingian and Palestinian Christian attitudes toward representation were expressed, and differed, across the seventh and eighth centuries. Islamic prohibitions against representing human figures were not universally recognised, but were particularly – if sometimes erratically – focused on mosque decoration. Byzantine ‘iconoclasm’ – more properly called iconomachy – was far less destructive than its later offshoots in France and England, and resulted in a highly nuanced re-definition of what representation meant in the Orthodox church. Carolingian attitudes toward images were on the whole far less passionate than either Islamic or Orthodox views, but certain members of the elite had strong views, which resulted in particular visual expressions. Palestinian Christians, living under Islamic rule, modulated their attitudes toward images to conform with local social beliefs. Particularly in areas under Orthodox or Islamic control, then, representation mattered greatly around the year 800, and this article examines how and why this impacted on local production