Comparação dos custos de formulação para aves baseados na proteína bruta versus relação lisina digestível proteína

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of using dLys:TP instead of crude protein recommendations of commercial poultry breeding companies to meet the chicken's need for dietary essential and non-essential amino acids. The ingredient composition matrix used in the feed formulation was compiled from Feedstuffs Magazine. The rations were formulated using a linear feed formulation program to meet the minimum cost, with crude protein or dLys: TP of 5.58%. Using the dLys to TP ratio versus CP minimums for the model diets chosen, formula costs were changed from +$10.96 to -$4.26 per ton of feed. The magnitude of the changes was dependent on the imbalance present in the feeds from using the breeder management guide recommendations and ingredient prices. Through the use of dLys: TP, it is possible to improve the feed formulation process, assuring the birds get adequate EAA and NEAA without being wasteful and reducing environmental pollution.Key Words: amino acids; concentration; digestibility.O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a influência do uso de lisina digestível: proteína verdadeira (LISd: PV) em vez de recomendações de proteína bruta de empresas de criação de aves comerciais para atender à necessidade de aminoácidos essenciais e não essenciais. A matriz de composição de ingredientes utilizada na formulação de alimentação foi compilada a partir da Revista de Ingredientes. As rações foram formuladas utilizando um programa de formulação de ração linear para suprir o custo mínimo, com proteína bruta ou dLis: PV de 5,58%. Usando a relação LISd para PV versus os mínimos PB para as dietas de modelo escolhidas, os custos de fórmula foram alterados de + $10,96 para -$4,26 por tonelada de alimento. A magnitude das mudanças depende do desequilíbrio presente nos ingredientes usando as recomendações do guia de manejo do reprodutor e os preços dos ingredientes. Por meio do uso de dLis: PV, é possível melhorar o processo de formulação de rações, assegurando que as aves obtenham adequados níveis de aminoácidos essenciais (AAE) e aminoácidos não essenciais (AANE) sem desperdício e reduzindo a poluição ambiental.Palavras-chave: Aminoácidos. Concentração. Digestibilidade

Possibilidade do uso de Mexilhão Dourado contaminado com metais tóxicos em dietas para frangos de corte

Brazilian poultry farming occupies a prominent position in the world scenario and there is a need for this production to occur in a sustainable way, so the nutrition of these animals must be carried out in a way that causes the least possible environmental impact. In front of it, the calcareous shells of the golden mussel, an invading mollusk that occupies a large part of the freshwater rivers of South America, arise and are responsible for generating large environmental impacts. The high content of calcium present in the golden mussel makes it a potential food with the capacity to replace calcitic limestone in broiler diets, but its feeding habit makes it possible to contain contents of toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) that are contained inside the mussel can cause contamination of the chickens and consequently of the food products derived from them.A avicultura brasileira ocupa posição de destaque no cenário mundial e existe a necessidade de que esta produção ocorra de forma sustentável, sendo assim a nutrição destes animais deve ser realizada de forma que provoque o menor impacto ambiental possível. Frente ao exposto surgem as conchas calcárias do mexilhão dourado que é um molusco invasor que ocupa grande parte dos rios de água doce da América do Sul e é responsável por gerar grandes impactos ambientais. O alto teor de cálcio (Ca) presente no mexilhão dourado faz com que este seja um potencial alimento com capacidade de substituir o calcário calcítico em dietas de frangos de corte, porém o seu hábito alimentar filtrador faz com que este possa conter teores de metais tóxicos como o cádmio (Cd) e o chumbo (Pb) que se contidos no interior do mexilhão podem causar contaminação dos frangos e conseqüentemente também dos produtos alimentícios derivados destes

Carboidrases e coproduto da mandioca na alimentação de frangos de corte: revisão

Resumo - Na industrialização da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) é gerado um coproduto denominado resíduo seco de fecularia (RSF) que pode ser utilizado como alimento energétco alternativo. O RSF caracteriza-se por apresentar em sua composição elevado teor de amido, fibras e baixos teores de lipídeos, proteínas e matéria mineral. Ao utlizar esse ingrediente nas formulações de rações para aves torna-se necessário, além do conhecimento da composição bromatológica, considerar a presença de fatores antinutricionais em sua composição. Alguns componentes encontrados no RSF como fibras solúveis e insolúveis, polissacarídeos não amiláceos e compostos cianogênicos são apontados como responsáveis por afetarnegativamente o desempenho dos animais. Neste contexto, enzimas carboidrases têm sido utilizadas com o propósito de disponibilizar maior quantidade de nutrientes no alimento, na tentatva de melhorar ou manter o desempenho dos animais e com isso a sua rentabilidade. Xilanase, β-glucanase e α-amilase são algumas das enzimas exógenas utilizadas em dietas, contendo RSF, para minimizar seus compostos indigestíveis.Abstract -Industrialization of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) generates a coproduct called dry residue of cassava (DRC) that can be an alternative energy for broiler feed. DRC has a high content of starch, fibers and low levels of lipids, proteins and mineral mater. However, when it is used for poultry feed formulation is necessary to consider the bromatological composition as well as the presence of antinutritional factors in its composition. Some components found in the DRC such as soluble and insoluble fibers, non-starch polysaccharides and cyanogenic compounds are said to be responsible for negatively affectng animal performance. In this context, carbohydrase enzymes have been used for the purpose of providing more nutrients in the feed, in an attempt to improve or maintain the performance of the animals and thus their profitability. Xylanase, β-glucanase and α-amylase are some of the exogenous enzymes used in diets containing DRC to minimize their indigestible compounds

Fitase e seus efeitos extra fosfóricos em dietas para frangos de corte: revisão

Broiler`s diets are mainly composed of plant origin products, where most of the phosphorus (P) is in the unavailable form, called phytate. The phytate molecule and the nutrients attached to it cannot be absorbed in the digestive tract without enzymatic degradation by the phytases. Phytases hydrolyze phytate in one molecule of inositol and six inorganic phosphate molecules reducing their antinutritional effects. The magnitude of phytase response may be more significant with increasing inclusion levels and phytate degradation correlates with large increases in P retention, tibia ash concentration, weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, retention of nitrogen, apparent metabolizable energy and Ca retention. Therefore, this review has the objective of to characterize phytase and to address aspects related to its efficacy and its extra phosphoric effects in diets for broilers.As dietas para aves são compostas principalmente por produtos de origem vegetal, em que a maior parte do fosforo (P) se encontra na forma indisponível, denominada fitato. A molécula de fitato e os nutrientes ligados a ela não podem ser absorvidos no trato digestivo sem degradação enzimática realizada pelas fitases. As fitases hidrolisam o fitato em uma molécula de inositol e seis moléculas inorgânicas de fosfato reduzindo os seus efeitos antinutricionais. A magnitude da resposta da fitase pode ser mais significativa com o aumento dos níveis de inclusão e a degradação do fitato se correlaciona com grandes aumentos na retenção de P, concentração de cinzas na tíbia, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, eficiência alimentar, retenção de nitrogênio, energia metabolizável aparente e retenção de Ca. Por isso, esta revisão tem o objetivo de caracterizar a fitase e abordar os aspectos relacionados na sua eficácia e seus efeitos extra fosfóricos em dietas para frangos de corte

Dry brewery residue in broiler chickens feed

The residual from the food industry has the potential to replace the traditional ingredients used in animal feed, and the dry brewery residue (DBR) may be an alternative for this purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the use of DBR in the diets of broiler from 22 to 42 days of age. Five hundred and forty-six male broilers were used, with an initial average weight of 865 ± 8 g. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six levels of DBR inclusion (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%), seven replicates and thirteen animals per experimental unit (EU). Weight gain (WG), average feed intake (AFI) and feed:gain ratio were evaluated. At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected from two broilers of each EU, and one broiler per EU was slaughtered to investigate the intestinal development. DBR interposed the WG and promoted a linear effect in this variable from 22 to 42 days of age. This effect was not observed for AFI. The inclusion of DBR interfered with the serum cholesterol values, showing a quadratic influence at the maximum response for the inclusion of 4.96%. However, the blood parameters of triglycerides, uric acid, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and total protein remained unchanged, regardless of the level of dietary DBR. No changes in villus height and crypt depth were observed by intestinal morphometric evaluation. The inclusion of 10% DBR can be used in a poultry diet, without any damage to the performance, metabolism and development of the broilers

Levels of metabolizable energy and digestible lysine for broiler chicks 8-21 days of age

The experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of metabolizable energy (ME) levels and digestible lysine (DL) levels on the performance of 8-21 days old broiler chicks. Eight hundred and sixty four broiler chicks were used, with average weight of 160 ± 5g, randomly distributed in 48 boxes (experimental unit), experimental unit in a factorial 4x4 with four levels of ME (2,700, 2,825, 2,950, and 3,075 kcal kg-1) and four levels of DL (1,080; 1,187; 1,295 and 1,403%) resulting in 16 treatments with three replications. Increases in levels of ME and DL in the diets caused significant interaction (P &lt;0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion. Increasing levels of ME and DL caused significant interaction (P &lt;0.05) for the deposition rate of protein and fat in the carcass. The simultaneous increases of ME and DL in the diet promoted a linear increase (P &lt;0.05) in villus height of the duodenum, jejunum, and villous:crypt ileum. It is recommended the use of 3,075 kcal kg-1 ME and 1,403% of LD for best performance, protein deposition rate, and intestinal morphometric characteristics of 8-21 days old broiler chicks.</p

Levels of metabolizable energy and digestible lysine for broiler chicks 1-10 days of age

This study evaluated the effect of different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible lysine (DL) on the rate of protein deposition, rate deposition body fat and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks 1 to 10 days of age. The study design consisted of 1,152 broilers, weighing 52 ± 5 g, distributed in a completely randomized, 4x4 factorial design, consisting of four levels of ME (2700; 2825; 2950 and 3075 kcal/kg) and four levels of DL (1,080; 1,187; 1,295 and 1,403%), with 16 treatments and three replicates, with 24 poultry in each experimental unit. The protein deposition rate (PDR) and fat deposition rate (FDR) were not affected (P > 0.05) by the ME, however, PDR was influenced linearly (P < 0.05) by increasing lysine. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between the levels of ME and DL, whose increase resulted in a higher villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and a greater relation villus: crypt ratio of the ileum. Therefore, levels of DL and ME had positive effects on the intestinal development of broiler chicks in the pre-starter phase

Possibility of using Golden Mussel contaminated with toxic metals in diets for broilers

Brazilian poultry farming occupies a prominent position in the world scenario and there is a need for this production to occur in a sustainable way, so the nutrition of these animals must be carried out in a way that causes the least possible environmental impact. In front of it, the calcareous shells of the golden mussel, an invading mollusk that occupies a large part of the freshwater rivers of South America, arise and are responsible for generating large environmental impacts. The high content of calcium present in the golden mussel makes it a potential food with the capacity to replace calcitic limestone in broiler diets, but its feeding habit makes it possible to contain contents of toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) that are contained inside the mussel can cause contamination of the chickens and consequently of the food products derived from them

Comparison of formulation costs for poultry feeds based on crude protein versus the digestible lysine to protein ratio

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the influence of using dLys:TP instead of crude protein recommendations of commercial poultry breeding companies to meet the chicken’s need for dietary essential and non-essential amino acids. The ingredient composition matrix used in the feed formulation was compiled from Feedstuffs Magazine. The rations were formulated using a linear feed formulation program to meet the minimum cost, with crude protein or dLys: TP of 5.58%. Using the dLys to TP ratio versus CP minimums for the model diets chosen, formula costs were changed from +$10.96 to -$4.26 per ton of feed. The magnitude of the changes was dependent on the imbalance present in the feeds from using the breeder management guide recommendations and ingredient prices. Through the use of dLys: TP, it is possible to improve the feed formulation process, assuring the birds get adequate EAA and NEAA without being wasteful and reducing environmental pollution.</jats:p