'The time of the leaflet': pamphlets and political communication in the UPA (Northern Angola, around 1961)

In March 1961, war broke out in Northern Angola. The Portuguese authorities attributed the violence to the UPA - a nationalist movement led by Northern Angolan immigrants resident in Congo. The movement's leadership tried to keep in contact with its (potential) followers in Northern Angola by various means, pamphlets being one of the most important. Written for a local audience, these pamphlets provide an insight into the inner lines of communication - and internal hierarchies - of the nationalist movement. By using Darnton's communication circuit' model, this article investigates the processes of writing, distributing and reading the pamphlets and analyses their generic characteristics, and their position in a tradition of regional popular literacy. In so doing, an interpretation is offered of the social history of the pamphlets: they are treated as a historical subject in their own right. While they can be read as anti-colonial tracts, it is shown that the pamphlets' main concern is to establish the mandate of a leadership in exile over a constituency in Northern Angola. RESUME En mars 1961, la guerre eclata dans le Nord de l'Angola. Les autorites portugaises attribuerent les violences a l'UPA, un mouvement nationaliste dirige par des immigres du Nord de l'Angola residant au Congo. Desireux de rester en contact avec leurs sympathisants (potentiels) dans le Nord de l'Angola, les dirigeants du mouvement utiliserent divers moyens pour ce faire, le plus important etant le pamphlet. Rediges a l'intention d'un public local, ces pamphlets apportent un eclairage sur les voies de communication (et les hierarchies) existant a l'interieur du mouvement nationaliste. En utilisant le modele du > de Darnton, cet article examine les processus de redaction, de distribution et de lecture des pamphlets, et analyse leurs caracteristiques generiques et leur place dans une tradition de litterature populaire regionale. Ce faisant, il offre une interpretation de l'histoire sociale des pamphlets : ils sont traites comme un objet historique en eux-memes. On peut certes les lire comme des tracts anti-coloniaux, mais l'article montre que la principale preoccupation des pamphlets est d'etablir le mandat de dirigeants en exil sur un groupe situe dans le Nord de l'Angola

‘Ways of death: accounts of terror from Angolan refugees in Namibia’

In their accounts of the war in Angola, refugees from south-eastern Angola who now live in Rundu (Namibia) draw a distinction between warfare in the past and the events that happened in their region of origin after Angolan independence in 1975. Although they process their experiences through recounting history, these refugees maintain that the incidence of torture, mutilation and massive killing after 1975 has no precedent in the area's history and forms an entirely new development. This article investigates the reasons for this posited modernity of killing, torture and mutilation. The placement of the recent events outside local history is shown to represent: an expression of outrage, anger and indignation at the army's treatment of the civilian population during the recent phase of the war. The outrage not only concerns the scale of the killing, torture and mutilation but is also linked with the issue of agency. The informants accuse UNITA army leaders in particular of wanton disregard for the lives and livelihood of their followers. They furthermore maintain that UNITA ordered ordinary soldiers to take part in killings which released powers the soldiers were unable to handle

Effect of batch initial velocity on the glass furnace efficiency

Glass manufacturing is a heat intensive process. There is a direct coloration between the batch distribution techniques and the furnace energy consumption, productivity, and quality of the glass manufactured. All four major segments (float, container, fibre, and specialty glasses) would benefit from using an optimised batch distribution technique where possible. Oscillating batch chargers (OBC) have been in use since the early 70s, despite their superior batch shape, coverage, and in turn positive effects on the energy consumption (Soleimanian, TMS 2013) and productivity of the furnace they are almost exclusively used in container glass manufacturing. The OBC’s main difference compared with other charging methods is its ability to directly influence the batch initial velocity. This paper reports on results achieved in two CFD models (in Flow 3D and GFM) used to study effect of the machine on the overall energy consumption in the doghouse and the melt space

Japanese manufacturing: strategy and practice

A striking characteristic of Japanese factories is the extent of process control: from both the technical and the social viewpoint the labour and production system is controlled down to the very last detail. The characteristics of management and organization which underlie this are closely interwoven with Japanese culture. This explains why the work content, working conditions and working relationships in the factories look so different from those in western cultures. The paper shows why factories in the West cannot and should not copy Japanese factories

Bulk contribution to magnetotransport properties of low defect-density Bi2_2Te3_3 topological insulator thin films

An important challenge in the field of topological materials is to carefully disentangle the electronic transport contribution of the topological surface states from that of the bulk. For Bi$_2$Te$_3$ topological insulator samples, bulk single crystals and thin films exposed to air during fabrication processes are known to be bulk conducting, with the chemical potential in the bulk conduction band. For Bi$_2$Te$_3$ thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy, we combine structural characterization (transmission electron microscopy), chemical surface analysis as function of time (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and magnetotransport analysis to understand the low defect density and record high bulk electron mobility once charge is doped into the bulk by surface degradation. Carrier densities and electronic mobilities extracted from the Hall effect and the quantum oscillations are consistent and reveal a large bulk carrier mobility. Because of the cylindrical shape of the bulk Fermi surface, the angle dependence of the bulk magnetoresistance oscillations is two-dimensional in nature.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Mixed conducting yttrium-barium-cobalt-oxide for high oxygen permeation

Yttrium-barium-cobalt-oxide (YBC), especially with low Y content, has been prepared. Oxygen permeation in these materials is very high at moderate temperature. The materials Y0.05BaCo0.95O3-δ and Y0.10Ba0.90CoO3-δ consisted of a BaCoO3-δ like main phase and some minor phases. For the Y0.05BaCo0.95O3-δ material these minor phases were not exceeding 10 vol%. Y0.05BaCo0.95O3-δ had the highest oxygen permeation value of 3.9 × 10-7 mol/cm2s at 900°C; the surface exchange reaction may be the rate limiting step here. The material Y0.33Ba0.67CoO3-δ consisted mainly of two unknown cubic phases.\u

A pedo-geomorphological classification and map of the Holocene sediments in the coastal plain of the three Guianas

Stiboka onderzoe

Developing a conceptual model for the internal data source to measure customer satisfaction

Traditional CSM approach is performed at certain frequencies. The gap between such events can be termed as a ‘blind period’, because customer satisfaction is left unobserved and unmanaged. The blind period may sometimes accelerate the growth of customer dissatisfaction. One way to eliminate the impact of the blind period is to reduce the gap between CSM events. The initial assessment indicates that conducting CSM more frequently, may weaken the accuracy of measurement, and increase the cost of the programme. The authors believe that the reason behind these limitations is the use of the external data source, collecting data directly from customer, therefore suggests using the internal data source, as an alternative to measure customer satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model for the internal data source to measure customer satisfaction. To achieve this objective, a conceptual model need to be developed based on three determined steps: define the formation of customer satisfaction value, identify the CSM factors and dimensions, and mirror the CSM instruments to identify the internal performance values. The paper indicates that internal data source could provide researchers with an alternative data source to measure customer satisfaction with minimum limitations on frequency of implementation, accuracy and cost