10 research outputs found
L'Auto-vélo : automobilisme, cyclisme, athlétisme, yachting, aérostation, escrime, hippisme / dir. Henri Desgranges
21 septembre 19101910/09/21 (A11,N3628)
Impact of Roadside Tree Lines on Indoor Concentrations of Traffic-Derived Particulate Matter
Exposure
to airborne particulate pollution is associated with premature
mortality and a range of inflammatory illnesses, linked to toxic components
within the particulate matter (PM) assemblage. The effectiveness of
trees in reducing urban PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations is intensely
debated. Modeling studies indicate PM<sub>10</sub> reductions from
as low as 1% to as high as ∼60%. Empirical data, especially
at the local scale, are rare. Here, we use conventional PM<sub>10</sub> monitoring along with novel, inexpensive magnetic measurements of
television screen swabs to measure changes in PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations
inside a row of roadside houses, after temporarily installing a curbside
line of young birch trees. Independently, the two approaches identify
>50% reductions in measured PM levels inside those houses screened
by the temporary tree line. Electron microscopy analyses show that
leaf-captured PM is concentrated in agglomerations around leaf hairs
and within the leaf microtopography. Iron-rich, ultrafine, spherical
particles, probably combustion-derived, are abundant, form a particular
hazard to health, and likely contribute much of the measured magnetic
remanences. Leaf magnetic measurements show that PM capture occurs
on both the road-proximal and -distal sides of the trees. The efficacy
of roadside trees for mitigation of PM health hazard might be seriously
underestimated in some current atmospheric models
MOESM1 of Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313 transcriptional responses to redox perturbation
Additional file 1. Batch fermentation performance under methyl viologen and hydrogen peroxide initial loadings
MOESM3 of Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313 transcriptional responses to redox perturbation
Additional file 3. (A) Adjusted OD600 of batch cultures grown at various initial hydrogen peroxide concentrations. Cultures were grown in MTC media containing 1.1 g/L cellobiose; (B) Chemostat OD600 and measured redox potential before, during and after hydrogen peroxide addition; (C) Detailed view of boxed region indicated in panel (B)
MOESM2 of Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313 transcriptional responses to redox perturbation
Additional file 2. Calculated differential expression and adjusted p values for genes showing significant (adjusted p value < 0.05) differential expression during at least one timepoint of either methyl viologen or hydrogen peroxide exposure
MOESM1 of Tension wood structure and morphology conducive for better enzymatic digestion
Additional file 1. Additional table and figures
MOESM1 of Biological lignocellulose solubilization: comparative evaluation of biocatalysts and enhancement via cotreatment
Additional file 1. Supplemental informatio
MOESM1 of Consolidated bioprocessing of Populus using Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum: a case study on the impact of lignin composition and structure
Additional file 1: Figure A.1. Carbohydrate composition of initially screened Populus biomass. Figure A.2. Fermentation products of Avicel-control CBP cultures. Figure A.3. Carbohydrate content in Populus before and after repeat autoclave sterilization. Figure A.4. Lignin content in Populus before and after repeat autoclave sterilization
Understanding Multiscale Structural Changes During Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Switchgrass and Poplar
Biofuels
produced from lignocellulosic biomass hold great promise
as a renewable alternative energy and fuel source. To realize a cost
and energy efficient approach, a fundamental understanding of the
deconstruction process is critically necessary to reduce biomass recalcitrance.
Herein, the structural and morphological changes over multiple scales
(5–6000 Å) in herbaceous (switchgrass) and woody (hybrid
poplar) biomass during dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment were explored
using neutron scattering and X-ray diffraction. Switchgrass undergoes
a larger increase (20–84 Å) in the average diameter of
the crystalline core of the elementary cellulose fibril than hybrid
poplar (19–50 Å). Switchgrass initially forms lignin aggregates
with an average size of 90 Ã… that coalesce to 200 Ã…, which
is double that observed for hybrid poplar, 55–130 Å. Switchgrass
shows a smooth-to-rough transition in the cell wall surface morphology
unlike the diffuse-to-smooth transition of hybrid poplar. Yet, switchgrass
and hybrid poplar pretreated under the same experimental conditions
result in pretreated switchgrass producing higher glucose yields (∼76
wt %) than pretreated hybrid poplar (∼60 wt %). This observation
shows that other aspects like cellulose allomorph transitions, cellulose
accessibility, cellular biopolymer spatial distribution, and enzyme–substrate
interactions may be more critical in governing the enzymatic hydrolysis
efficiency
MOESM4 of Development and use of a switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) transformation pipeline by the BioEnergy Science Center to evaluate plants for reduced cell wall recalcitrance
Additional file 4. Diagram illustrating position of three RNAi construct sequences used to silence HCTs in switchgrass. Sequences amplified and expressed in switchgrass to silence HCT1 (HCT1RNAi, purple box), HCT2 (HCT2RNAi, red box), and HCT 1 and 2 together (HCT1/2RNAi, blue box) are shown within the aligned PvHCT sequences. Areas with identity between the sequences are highlighted