26 research outputs found

    Efeitos da mediação parental, habilidades digitais, gênero e condição socioeconômica no uso da Internet em crianças e adolescentes

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    Objective: This study aimed to research the effects of parental mediation, digital skills, gender, and socioeconomic status on the Internet uses of children and adolescents between 9 and 17 years old. Method: The Kids Online survey (Pérez-Sánchez, 2019) was applied to a national representative sample of 1008 Costa Rican children and adolescents, 50.6% women and an average age of 12.75 (SD = 2.55). A stratified random sample was followed. Structural equation modeling and moderation, and mediation analysis were conducted. Conclusions: Results show that specific parental mediation types can contribute to promote or inhibit different Internet uses, resulting in active mediation as the main promoter and monitoring mediation as the main inhibitor, above restrictive mediation. Digital skills have a partial mediation effect in the association between types of mediation and Internet uses. This effect helps to counteract the limiting or restrictive effects of mediation on opportunities. Furthermore, a moderator effect of gender and socioeconomic status in the relationship between the type of mediation and Internet uses was found.Objetivo: El estudio investiga el efecto del tipo de mediación parental, las habilidades digitales, el género y el nivel socioeconómico en los usos de internet en niñas, niños y adolescentes (NNA) entre 9-17 años. Método: Para realizar esta investigación se tomaron los datos de la encuesta nacional Kids Online (Pérez-Sánchez, 2019) aplicada a una muestra representativa de 1008 NNA costarricenses, 50,6% mujeres y una edad promedio de 12,75 (DT = 2,55). Se siguió un muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se realizaron modelos de ecuación estructural y análisis de moderación y mediación. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que los diferentes tipos de mediación contribuyen a promover o inhibir diferentes tipos de uso, resultando la mediación activa su principal promotor y el monitoreo su inhibidor, por encima de la mediación restrictiva. Las habilidades digitales tienen un efecto mediador parcial de la relación entre tipo de mediación y uso de internet, por lo que contribuyen a contrarrestar los efectos limitantes de la mediación por monitoreo o restrictiva sobre las oportunidades. Además, se encontró un efecto moderador del género y el nivel socioeconómico en la relación entre tipo de mediación y tipos de uso de la internet.Objetivo: O estudo investiga o efeito do tipo de mediação parental, das habilidades digitais, do gênero e do nível socioeconômico sobre o uso da Internet em crianças e adolescentes entre 9-17 anos. Método: para realizar esta investigação tomaram-se os dados da enquete costarriquenha Kids Online (Pérez-Sánchez, 2019) aplicada a uma amostra representativa de 1008 NNA costarriquenhos/as, 50,6% foram mulheres, e com a média de idade de 12.75 (DT = 2.55). Utilizou-se uma amostra aleatória estratificada. Foram realizados modelos de equações estruturais e análises de moderação e mediação. Conclusão: os resultados mostram que os diferentes tipos de mediação contribuem a promover ou inibir distintos tipos de uso, tendo como resultado a mediação ativa como sua principal promotora e o monitoramento como seu inibidor, acima da mediação restritiva. As habilidades digitais têm um efeito mediador parcial na relação entre o tipo de mediação e o uso da internet. Esse efeito ajuda a neutralizar os efeitos limitantes ou restritivos da mediação sobre as oportunidades. Ademais, encontrou-se um efeito moderador do gênero e do nível socioeconômico na relação entre tipo de mediação e tipos de uso da Internet

    Predictores individuales para la detección y difusión de desinformación sobre COVID-19 a través de WhatsApp

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    This study examines cognitive, socio-political, and socio-demographic predictors of the evaluation and willingness to share disinformation about COVID-19 via WhatsApp. Using an online survey, a convenience sample of 553 Costa Rican adults were exposed to disinformation about vaccines and the state’s response to the pandemic. Results show that people who support authoritarian, conservative and pro-state ideologies, and those with low reflective thinking, were more likely to believe and share disinformation. Moreover, among people with low reflective thinking, older people were more likely to detect disinformation. Finally, highly religious individuals and younger conservatives with lower education expressed more willingness to share disinformation.Este estudio examina predictores cognitivos, ideológicos y sociodemográficos de la detección e intención de compartir desinformación sobre el COVID-19 vía WhatsApp. Mediante una encuesta en línea, una muestra convencional de 553 adultos costarricenses fue expuestos a contenidos desinformativos sobre vacunas y la respuesta estatal a la pandemia. Los resultados muestran que las personas que apoyan ideologías autoritarias, conservadora y pro-Estado, y personas con bajo pensamiento reflexivo, fueron más proclives a aceptar y compartir desinformación. Además, entre personas con bajo pensamiento reflexivo, aquellas con mayor edad mostraron una mayor detección de desinformación. Finalmente, las personas muy religiosas y conservadores jóvenes con menor nivel educativo, mostraron mayor intención de compartir desinformación

    Picture Power? The Contribution of Visuals and Text to Partisan Selective Exposure

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    Today’s high-choice media environment allows citizens to select news in line with their political preferences and avoid content counter to their priors. So far, however, selective exposure research has exclusively studied news selection based on textual cues, ignoring the recent proliferation of visual media. This study aimed to identify the contribution of visuals alongside text in selective exposure to pro-attitudinal, counter-attitudinal and balanced content. Using two experiments, we created a social media-style newsfeed with news items comprising matching and non-matching images and headlines about the contested issues of immigration and gun control in the U.S. By comparing selection behavior of participants with opposing prior attitudes on these topics, we pulled apart the contribution of images and headlines to selective exposure. Findings show that headlines play a far greater role in guiding selection, with the influence of images being minimal. The additional influence of partisan source cues is also considered

    Estudio de sistemas de producción sostenible de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) para innovación de productos saludables con Valor Agregado y la aplicación de un modelo de gestión de costos

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    Proyecto de investigación y extensión. Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Extensión (VIE). Escuela de Agronegocios. Centro de Investigación y Gestión en Agronegocios, 2014El proyecto tuvo por objetivo “Evaluar sistemas de producción sostenible de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill), mediante la utilización de tecnologías alternativas para la producción e industrialización innovadoras y saludables con valor agregado, acompañadas del empleo de sistemas de gestión de costos”. Por esto se trabajó en tres componentes a saber: Cultivo de Tomate, Elaboración e innovación de productos de valor agregado a partir de tomate y Gestión de costos. Como principales resultados se evidenció que los sistemas de cultivo con protección mecánica a condiciones ambientales (invernadero o bandas plásticas) ofrecen las mayores producciones en cantidad, calidad y relación beneficio/costo. Respecto a sistemas de manejo agronómico, las mayores producciones las ofrecen los tratamientos con productos químicos, aunque los MIP y químico racional ofrecen la mejor relación respecto costo de producción, además de generar menor impacto ambiental. Respecto a valor agregado, se determinó que es posible generar productos de valor agregado a base de tomate tipo bola, con rendimientos como los de la mermelada y salsa de tomate con piña, aceptables para el productor y posibles precios competitivos. En conclusión la gestión agroempresarial que coordine vertientes ambientales, técnicas, de registro y gestión deInstituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Escuela de Agronegocios. Centro de Investigación y Gestión en Agronegocio

    Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study.

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    BACKGROUND: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. METHODS: The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. FINDINGS: We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2-11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75-1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58-1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91-1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70-1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11-0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50-0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38-0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45-0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. INTERPRETATION: Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. FUNDING: Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health

    Can I Stick to My Guns? Motivated Reasoning and Biased Processing of Balanced Political Information

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    News media offer balanced political messages and many citizens also seek content that presents two sides of a political issue. Despite this supply and demand, most work on information processing tests exposure to one-sided content, i.e., either pro- or counter-attitudinal. We advance this work by studying (1) how balanced and one-sided messages affect information processing; (2) whether the processing of balanced information is moderated by individual motivations; and (3) the impact of balanced exposure on attitude polarization. Using an online experiment (N = 677), we primed either accuracy or defensive motivation and examined how participants processed information about two distinct issues (i.e., climate change and Syrian refugees). On both issues, participants were less biased in response to balanced content, compared to one-sided content. In addition, defensive and accuracy motivated people processed balanced content in a similar manner. Furthermore, pro-attitudinal content polarized individual attitudes, but not balanced content, and this effect was not moderated by motivation
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