Changes in physical activity behavior and risk of falls over 8 years follow-up: English longitudinal study of ageing

Changes in physical activity behavior and risk of falls over 8 years follow-up: English longitudinal study of agein

Depressive symptoms, handgrip strength, and weight status in US older adults

Background Handgrip strength is a valid indicator of broader physical functioning. Handgrip strength and weight status have been independently associated with depressive symptoms in older adults, but no study has yet investigated the relationships between all three in older US adults. This study investigated the relationship between physical function and depressive symptoms by weight status in older US adults. Methods Cross-sectional data were analysed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey waves 2011 to 2012 and 2013 to 2014. Physical function was assessed using a grip strength dynamometer. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Weight status was assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI) and participants were categorised as normal weight (< 25 kg/m2), overweight (25 to < 30 kg/m2), and obese (≥ 30.0 kg/m2). Associations between depressive symptoms and hand grip strength were estimated by gender-specific multiple linear regressions and BMI stratified multivariable linear regression. Results A total of 2,812 adults (54% female, mean age 69.2 years, mean BMI 29.2 kg/m2) were included. Women with moderate to severe depressive symptoms had 1.60 kg (95% CI: 0.91 to 2.30) lower hand grip strength compared to women with minimal or no depressive symptoms. No such association was observed in men. Among those with obesity, men (-3.72 kg, 95% CI: -7.00 to -0.43) and women (-1.83 kg, 95% CI: -2.87 to -0.78) with moderate to severe depressive symptoms both had lower handgrip strength. Conclusion Among older US adults, women and people who are obese and depressed are at the greatest risk of decline in physical function

EPA guidance on physical activity as a treatment for severe mental illness: a meta-review of the evidence and Position Statement from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the International Organization of Physical Therapists in Mental Health (IOPTMH)

Physical activity (PA) may be therapeutic for people with severe mental illness (SMI) who generally have low PA and experience numerous life style-related medical complications. We conducted a meta-review of interventions and their impact on health outcomes for people with SMI, including schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. We searched major electronic databases until January 2018 for systematic reviews with/without meta-analysis that investigated PA for any SMI. We rated the quality of studies with the AMSTAR tool, grading the quality of evidence, and identifying gaps, future research needs and clinical practice recommendations. For MDD, consistent evidence indicated that PA can improve depressive symptoms versus control conditions, with effects comparable to those of antidepressants and psychotherapy. PA can also improve cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in people with MDD, although the impact on physical health outcomes was limited. There were no differences in adverse events versus control conditions. For MDD, larger effect sizes were seen when PA was delivered at moderate-vigorous intensity and supervised by an exercise specialist. For schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, evidence indicates that aerobic PA can reduce psychiatric symptoms, improves cognition and various subdomains, cardiorespiratory fitness, whilst evidence for the impact on anthropometric measures was inconsistent. There was a paucity of studies investigating PA in bipolar disorder, precluding any definitive recommendations. No cost effectiveness analyses in any SMI condition were identified. We make multiple recommendations to fill existing research gaps and increase the use of PA in routine clinical care aimed at improving psychiatric and medical outcomes

Sample characteristics (overall and by country).

Sample characteristics (overall and by country).</p

Correlates (health behavior, physical health, mental health, general health) of highly sedentary behavior^a estimated by multivariable logistic regression (overall and by country).

Correlates (health behavior, physical health, mental health, general health) of highly sedentary behaviora estimated by multivariable logistic regression (overall and by country).</p

Changes in physical activity behavior and risk of falls over 8 years follow-up: English longitudinal study of ageing

Changes in physical activity behavior and risk of falls over 8 years follow-up: English longitudinal study of agein

Sociodemographic correlates of highly sedentary behavior^a estimated by multivariable logistic regression (overall and by country).

Sociodemographic correlates of highly sedentary behaviora estimated by multivariable logistic regression (overall and by country).</p

Changes in physical activity behavior and risk of falls over 8 years follow-up: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

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Longitudinal Relationship Between Knee Pain Status and Incident Frailty: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

Objective. Examine the longitudinal association between knee pain and pre-frailty/frailty. Design. Longitudinal study. Setting. Five clinical centers across the United States. Subjects. Data from 3,053 non-frail participants aged 45-79 years at baseline from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Methods. According to self-reported knee pain at baseline, the participants were placed into three groups: no knee pain (n = 1,600), unilateral knee pain (n = 822), and bilateral knee pain (n = 631). Frailty status was assessed over time using the five frailty indicators (unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, weak energy, slow gait speed, and little physical activity). Based on the number of frailty indicators present, pre-frailty (1-2) and frailty (>3) were diagnosed. Generalized estimating equations logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between knee pain status and pre-frailty/frailty. Results. After adjusting for age, sex, race, education, marital status, smoking status, comorbidities, and body mass index, unilateral knee pain at baseline was associated with an increased odds of developing pre-frailty (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01-1.27) and frailty (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.38-2.62), and bilateral knee pain at baseline was also associated with an increased risk of pre-frailty (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.24-1.62) and frailty (OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.63-3.01) over time in comparison to no knee pain. The interaction of knee pain status by time was not significantly associated with either pre-frailty or frailty. Conclusions. Knee pain (particularly bilateral knee pain) is associated with an increased risk of developing pre-frailty and frailty over time

Correlates of sedentary behavior in the general population: A cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from six low- and middle-income countries

BackgroundSedentary behavior (SB) is associated with adverse health outcomes independent of levels of physical activity. However, data on its correlates are scarce from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, we assessed the correlates of SB in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa) using nationally representative data.MethodsCross-sectional, community-based data on 42,469 individuals aged ≥18 years from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. Self-reported time spent sedentary per day was the outcome. High SB was defined as ≥8 hours of SB per day. The correlates (sociodemographic and health-related) of high SB were estimated by multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe overall prevalence (95%CI) of high SB was 8.3% (7.1–9.7%). In the overall sample, the most important sociodemographic correlates of high SB were unemployment and urban residence. Physical inactivity, morbid obesity (BMI≥30.0 kg/m2), higher number of chronic conditions, poor self-reported health, higher disability levels, and worse health status in terms of mobility, pain/discomfort, affect, sleep/energy and cognition were associated with high SB. Several between-country differences were found.ConclusionThe current data provides important guidance for future interventions across LMICs to assist sedentary people to reduce their SB levels.</div